Incompatibility ABO. A bibliographical review

Abstract

Introduction: blood is a body fluid with a very important function in various biological and metabolic processes. Type A and B antigens determined by genetic inheritance are those found on the outside of erythrocytes, they vary in different populations, so they are the subject of important studies in various branches of medicine, in the area of ​​gynecology and obstetrics , it is important to identify a blood incompatibility early or preventively to favor the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality rates, since it can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn or other complications. Objective: To collect the most important and up-to-date information on ABO incompatibility. Methodology: Systematic review of documents and research in English and Spanish obtained from scientific platforms such as Elsevier, ScIELO, PubMed and from national and international university repositories since 2017, with descriptors such as the ABO System, blood, maternal-fetal incompatibility, complications, among others. Results: Of a total of 112 documents initially, 62 were used to read their summaries, excluding the others due to lack of relevance to the research topic or duplication of information. Conclusions: ABO blood incompatibility is a complication that generates an antigen-antibody reaction and can be fatal. Therefore, all medical branches; or at least the vast majority, initially consider performing blood typing tests to apply the corresponding treatments or determine the etiological cause of an associated pathology, knowing that there are natural processes in gynecology in which ABO incompatibility can generate important complications in the newborn such as hemolytic disease of the newborn, anemia, or severe hyperbilirubinemia, which increase morbidity and mortality rates.