The obesity. Classification. Causes that cause it. Health consequences. Measures to combat it

Abstract

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in the world, excess body fat is a worrying condition because it represents a risk factor that increases morbidity and mortality. After having been considered for a long time as a sign of good health and even as an index of economic and social well-being, obesity is currently considered in its true aspect, that is, as the main cause of various pathologies, both metabolic (diabetes, hyperlipidemias, etc.) as motor (osteoarthritis, circulatory disorders, etc.), not forgetting the great relationship between obesity and some psychic disorders. However, the publicity that invades us encourages eating sweets and other products that can contribute to weight gain. In addition, advertisements for food products are usually made by very stylized figure models, which is still a paradox (professional models often follow slimming diets sometimes extremely strict and harmful). For all these reasons, obesity is a major problem that in industrialized countries, due to its high frequency, concerns both health personnel and sociologists, anthropologists and physical education professionals. The main objective of this work is to influence the obesity problem in adult personnel by means of a physical conditioning program. Obesity is part of the metabolic syndrome being a known risk factor, that is, it predisposes, for several diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, stroke, osteoarthritis, as well as some forms of cancer, dermatological conditions and gastrointestinal. [3] [4] In a practical way, obesity can typically be diagnosed in terms of health by measuring body mass index (BMI), but also in terms of its fat distribution across the waist circumference or hip waist index measurement. In addition, the presence of obesity needs to be considered in the context of other risk factors and associated comorbidities (other medical conditions that could influence the risk of complications). [3] The body mass index is a simple and widely used method for estimate the proportion of body fat. [6] BMI was developed by the Belgian statistician and anthropometrist AdolpheQuetelet. [7] This is calculated by dividing the weight of the subject (in kilograms) by the square of its height (in meters), therefore it is expressed in kg / m². The WHO (World Health Organization) establishes a definition commonly used with following values, agreed in 1997, published in 2000 and adjusted in 2010 [9]: BMI less than 18.5 is below normal weight, BMI of 18.5-24.9 is normal weight, BMI of 25.0 -29.9 is overweight, BMI of 30.0-34.9 is class I obesity, BMI of 35.0-39.9 is class II obesity, BMI of 40.0 or greater is class III obesity, severe (or morbid), BMI of 35.0 or higher in the presence of at least one or another significant morbidity is also classified by some people as morbid obesity.