Tortugas Charapa un aporte para el turismo comunitario y conservación de la biodiversidad
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Jan 4, 2020
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En la última década en la República del Ecuador se fortaleció notablemente el turismo y uno de los beneficiados fueron las comunidades indígenas y rurales mediante el turismo comunitario. Este tipo de turismo no ha logrado alcanzar las metas por las que se concibió. El presente estudio pretende demostrar la problemática del turismo comunitario en una comunidad en el Parque Nacional Yasuni enfocándose en aspectos legales y económicos y la implementación de una solución mediante una propuesta de un proyecto de vinculación entre la academia, instituciones gubernamentales y comunidades, centrándose en el uso de una especie amenazada y aprovechar su programa de conservación mediante un uso turístico. La metodología se basa en una recopilación bibliográfica y la aplicación de experiencias profesionales y trabajo de campo con el uso de entrevistas y observación. Los principales resultados indican que existen graves problemas en aspectos legales y el manejo económico; y, que la mejor opción para implementar un programa de conservación es la especie Charapa (Podocnemis unifilis y Podocnemis expansa). Se motiva a los gestores realizar programas de capacitación y fortalecimiento enfocándose realmente en las debilidades de las comunidades que realizan este tipo de turismo.
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Mestanza Ramón, C., Toledo Villacís, M. A., & Cunalata García, A. E. (2020). Tortugas Charapa un aporte para el turismo comunitario y conservación de la biodiversidad. Explorador Digital, 4(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.33262/exploradordigital.v4i1.1075
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Referências
Alves, R. R. N., & Santana, G. G. (2008). Use and commercialization of Podocnemis expansa (Schweiger 1812) (Testudines: Podocnemididae) for medicinal purposes in two communities in North of Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 4(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-4-3
Bass, M. S., Finer, M., Jenkins, C. N., Kreft, H., Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., McCracken, S. F., … Villa, G. (2010). Global conservation significance of Ecuador’s Yasuní National Park. PloS One, 5(1), e8767.
Beissinger, S. R., Ackerly, D. D., Doremus, H., & Machlis, G. E. (2017). Science, conservation, and national parks. University of Chicago Press.
Caputo, F. P., Canestrelli, D., & Boitani, L. (2005). Conserving the terecay (Podocnemis unifilis, Testudines: Pelomedusidae) through a community-based sustainable harvest of its eggs. Biological Conservation, 126(1), 84–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.004
Carter, N. H., Schmidt, W. S., & Hirons, C. A. (2015). An International Assessment of Mangrove Management: Incorporation in Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Diversity , Vol. 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/d7020074
Chung, M. G., Dietz, T., & Liu, J. (2018). Global relationships between biodiversity and nature-based tourism in protected areas. Ecosystem Services, 34, 11–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.09.004
Conway-Gómez, K., Reibel, M., & Mihiar, C. (2014). A predictive model of yellow spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) encounter rates at basking sites in lowland eastern Bolivia. Applied Geography, 53, 332–340. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.026
Croes, R. (2014). The role of tourism in poverty reduction: an empirical assessment. Tourism Economics, 20(2), 207–226.
Dodds, R., Ali, A., & Galaski, K. (2018). Mobilizing knowledge: Determining key elements for success and pitfalls in developing community-based tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), 1547–1568.
Espinoza, L. L., Mertins, O., Gama, G. S., Fernandes Patta, A. C. M., & Mathews, P. D. (2017). A new Myxidium species (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) infecting the gallbladder of the turtle Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) from Peruvian Amazon. Acta Tropica, 172, 75–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.021
Fachín Terán, A., & Von Mülhen, E. M. (2003). Reproducción de la taricaya podocnemis unifilis troschel 1848 (testudines: podocnemididae) en la várzea del medio solimões, Amazonas, Brasil. Ecología Aplicada, 2(1), 125–132.
Graves, R. A., Pearson, S. M., & Turner, M. G. (2017). Species richness alone does not predict cultural ecosystem service value. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(14), 3774–3779.
Hirano, L. Q. L., Alves, L. da S., Menezes-Reis, L. T., Mendonça, J. dos S., Simões, K., Santos, A. L. Q., & Vieira, L. G. (2019). Effects of egg exposure to atrazine and/or glyphosate on bone development in Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 182, 109400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109400
Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37–46.
Leo, S. (2019). Pitfalls of tourism graduate students in presenting the ingredients of research proposals. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 24, 178–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.03.003
Mestanza-Ramon, C., Cunalata-García, Á. E., Jiménez-Gutiérrez, M. Y., & Chacha-Bolaños, A. N. (2019). Disposición a pagar por el ingreso a zonas de uso público en el Parque Turístico “Nueva Loja”, Sucumbíos-Ecuador. Polo Del Conocimiento, 4(2), 67–82.
Mestanza-Ramón, C., Sanchez Capa, M., Figueroa Saavedra, H., & Rojas Paredes, J. (2019). Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Tourism and Economic Context. Sustainability , Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226386
Mestanza, C., Botero, C. M., Anfuso, G., Chica-Ruiz, J. A., Pranzini, E., & Mooser, A. (2019). Beach litter in Ecuador and the Galapagos islands: A baseline to enhance environmental conservation and sustainable beach tourism. Marine Pollution Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.003
Mestanza, C., Piccardi, M., & Pranzini, E. (2018). Coastal erosion management at Callao (Peru) in the 17th and 18th centuries: The first groin field in South America? Water (Switzerland), 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070891
Mestanza, C., Saavedra, H. F., Gaibor, I. D., Zaquinaula, M. A., Váscones, R. L., & Pacheco, O. M. (2018). Conflict and impacts generated by the filming of Discovery Channel’s reality series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010050
Mestanza, Carlos, Saavedra, H. F., Gaibor, I. D., Zaquinaula, M. A., Váscones, R. L., & Pacheco, O. M. (2019). Conflict and Impacts Generated by the Filming of Discovery Channel’s Reality Series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special Case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. Sustainability, 11(1), 50.
Mooser, A., Anfuso, G., Mestanza, C., & Williams, A. T. (2018). Management implications for the most attractive scenic sites along the Andalusia coast (SW Spain). Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051328
Noronha, R. C. R., Barros, L. M. R., Araújo, R. E. F., Marques, D. F., Nagamachi, C. Y., Martins, C., & Pieczarka, J. C. (2016). New insights of karyoevolution in the Amazonian turtles Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemidae). Molecular Cytogenetics, 9(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13039-016-0281-5
Ramon, C. M., Capa, M. S., Garcia, A. C., Gutierrez, M. J., Villacís, M. T., & Velasco, A. A. (2019). Community Tourism In Ecuador: A Special Case In The Rio Indillama Community, Yasuní National Park. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 08(06), 5.
Zarębski, P., Kwiatkowski, G., Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Oklevik, O. (2019). Tourism Investment Gaps in Poland. Sustainability , Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226188
Zoppi, C. (2018). Integration of Conservation Measures Concerning Natura 2000 Sites into Marine Protected Areas Regulations: A Study Related to Sardinia. Sustainability , Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103460
Bass, M. S., Finer, M., Jenkins, C. N., Kreft, H., Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., McCracken, S. F., … Villa, G. (2010). Global conservation significance of Ecuador’s Yasuní National Park. PloS One, 5(1), e8767.
Beissinger, S. R., Ackerly, D. D., Doremus, H., & Machlis, G. E. (2017). Science, conservation, and national parks. University of Chicago Press.
Caputo, F. P., Canestrelli, D., & Boitani, L. (2005). Conserving the terecay (Podocnemis unifilis, Testudines: Pelomedusidae) through a community-based sustainable harvest of its eggs. Biological Conservation, 126(1), 84–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.004
Carter, N. H., Schmidt, W. S., & Hirons, C. A. (2015). An International Assessment of Mangrove Management: Incorporation in Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Diversity , Vol. 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/d7020074
Chung, M. G., Dietz, T., & Liu, J. (2018). Global relationships between biodiversity and nature-based tourism in protected areas. Ecosystem Services, 34, 11–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.09.004
Conway-Gómez, K., Reibel, M., & Mihiar, C. (2014). A predictive model of yellow spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) encounter rates at basking sites in lowland eastern Bolivia. Applied Geography, 53, 332–340. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.026
Croes, R. (2014). The role of tourism in poverty reduction: an empirical assessment. Tourism Economics, 20(2), 207–226.
Dodds, R., Ali, A., & Galaski, K. (2018). Mobilizing knowledge: Determining key elements for success and pitfalls in developing community-based tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), 1547–1568.
Espinoza, L. L., Mertins, O., Gama, G. S., Fernandes Patta, A. C. M., & Mathews, P. D. (2017). A new Myxidium species (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) infecting the gallbladder of the turtle Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) from Peruvian Amazon. Acta Tropica, 172, 75–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.021
Fachín Terán, A., & Von Mülhen, E. M. (2003). Reproducción de la taricaya podocnemis unifilis troschel 1848 (testudines: podocnemididae) en la várzea del medio solimões, Amazonas, Brasil. Ecología Aplicada, 2(1), 125–132.
Graves, R. A., Pearson, S. M., & Turner, M. G. (2017). Species richness alone does not predict cultural ecosystem service value. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(14), 3774–3779.
Hirano, L. Q. L., Alves, L. da S., Menezes-Reis, L. T., Mendonça, J. dos S., Simões, K., Santos, A. L. Q., & Vieira, L. G. (2019). Effects of egg exposure to atrazine and/or glyphosate on bone development in Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 182, 109400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109400
Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37–46.
Leo, S. (2019). Pitfalls of tourism graduate students in presenting the ingredients of research proposals. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 24, 178–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.03.003
Mestanza-Ramon, C., Cunalata-García, Á. E., Jiménez-Gutiérrez, M. Y., & Chacha-Bolaños, A. N. (2019). Disposición a pagar por el ingreso a zonas de uso público en el Parque Turístico “Nueva Loja”, Sucumbíos-Ecuador. Polo Del Conocimiento, 4(2), 67–82.
Mestanza-Ramón, C., Sanchez Capa, M., Figueroa Saavedra, H., & Rojas Paredes, J. (2019). Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Tourism and Economic Context. Sustainability , Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226386
Mestanza, C., Botero, C. M., Anfuso, G., Chica-Ruiz, J. A., Pranzini, E., & Mooser, A. (2019). Beach litter in Ecuador and the Galapagos islands: A baseline to enhance environmental conservation and sustainable beach tourism. Marine Pollution Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.003
Mestanza, C., Piccardi, M., & Pranzini, E. (2018). Coastal erosion management at Callao (Peru) in the 17th and 18th centuries: The first groin field in South America? Water (Switzerland), 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070891
Mestanza, C., Saavedra, H. F., Gaibor, I. D., Zaquinaula, M. A., Váscones, R. L., & Pacheco, O. M. (2018). Conflict and impacts generated by the filming of Discovery Channel’s reality series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010050
Mestanza, Carlos, Saavedra, H. F., Gaibor, I. D., Zaquinaula, M. A., Váscones, R. L., & Pacheco, O. M. (2019). Conflict and Impacts Generated by the Filming of Discovery Channel’s Reality Series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special Case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador. Sustainability, 11(1), 50.
Mooser, A., Anfuso, G., Mestanza, C., & Williams, A. T. (2018). Management implications for the most attractive scenic sites along the Andalusia coast (SW Spain). Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051328
Noronha, R. C. R., Barros, L. M. R., Araújo, R. E. F., Marques, D. F., Nagamachi, C. Y., Martins, C., & Pieczarka, J. C. (2016). New insights of karyoevolution in the Amazonian turtles Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemidae). Molecular Cytogenetics, 9(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13039-016-0281-5
Ramon, C. M., Capa, M. S., Garcia, A. C., Gutierrez, M. J., Villacís, M. T., & Velasco, A. A. (2019). Community Tourism In Ecuador: A Special Case In The Rio Indillama Community, Yasuní National Park. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 08(06), 5.
Zarębski, P., Kwiatkowski, G., Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Oklevik, O. (2019). Tourism Investment Gaps in Poland. Sustainability , Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226188
Zoppi, C. (2018). Integration of Conservation Measures Concerning Natura 2000 Sites into Marine Protected Areas Regulations: A Study Related to Sardinia. Sustainability , Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103460