Frequency of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Patients of the INFA Health Center in the City of Macas 2019-2023

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health concern caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. People with immunocompromised diseases are more susceptible. Globally, TB is a leading cause of death, with high mortality rates, especially in regions such as Asia and Africa. Objective: To describe the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples in patients attending the INFA Health Center in Macas, period 2019-2023.  Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design with non-probabilistic total coverage sampling was used. A group of n=28 positive samples was analyzed using molecular biology and smear microscopy tests. Results: Twenty-eight cases of TB were confirmed, predominantly in males and adults aged 21 to 64 years. The mucosal sample was the most prevalent. A marked variation in incidence was observed, highlighting the year 2022 with the highest number of cases recorded. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of knowing the epidemiology and drug resistance of tuberculosis in the INFA Health Center of Macas, underscoring the need for effective control and prevention strategies to address this disease locally and globally.  Field of Study: Microbiology.