Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary infections in women and girls

Abstract

Introduction. Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequent infections in humans, and is therefore considered a public health problem with high incidence and morbidity rates in the pediatric and adult population in different regions of the world, being the main cause of these infections of bacterial origin, therefore the treatments are based on antibiotic therapy. However, over the years, the failure of empirical treatments due to bacterial resistance has been observed globally, with a higher incidence in underdeveloped countries. Objective.  Characterize the different bacterial agents that cause urinary tract infection in women who come for consultation at the Pablo Jaramillo Crespo Humanitarian Foundation during the year 2022, also identify the most common causal agent and its classification depending on whether or not they present the beta-lactamase enzyme ESBL extended spectrum. Methodology. Descriptive cross-sectional cohort study, secondary documentary study of non-probabilistic sampling by total coverage. Results.  Of 304 positive urine cultures, 62.5% cases of urinary tract infection were identified in adult women and 37.5% in girls, with Escherichia coli as the most common etiologic agent 82.2%, followed by Proteus mirabilis 11.5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 1.6% and 4.7% of other granmenegative microorganisms. There were 11.5% of positive cases for the presence of ESBL, with Escherichia coli being the etiologic agent with the most positive cases for this mechanism of resistance, with a greater number of cases in the pediatric population (21 cases). Conclusion.  The most common etiological agent causing urinary tract infection in the population of this health center is Escherichia coli, with a higher percentage of cases of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in children, which demonstrates the importance of performing a urine culture and antibiogram in order to establish a correct treatment plan for patients and thus prevent microorganisms from generating bacterial resistance mechanisms.