Testicular cancer risk factors update

Abstract

Introduction: Testicular cancer is a common neoplasm in young men aged between 15 and 40 years. It significantly affects a man's quality of life and reproductive function; however, it has a 90% cure rate and a 95% survival rate in those who are diagnosed early. Nevertheless, the clinical presentation is not specific and may only appear as painless unilateral swelling. For this reason, it is important to be aware of the risk factors for testicular cancer, which can range from age, syndromes, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Objective: Integrate updated knowledge on risk factors for testicular cancer. Methodology: A review of updated scientific literature was carried out between the period of 2019-2023. The search was performed using the terms: “risk factors for testicular cancer” “Testicular cancer” “Epidemiology of Testicular Cancer” “Etiology of Testicular Cancer”, in databases: Medscape, Clinical Practice Guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane. Results: Through the theoretical search it was possible to obtain updated information on the definition, etiology, epidemiology, the main risk factors, the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention measures in relation to testicular cancer. Conclusions: Testicular cancer, although rare, has a good prognosis with early diagnosis and treatment. Detection through self-examination and regular tests is crucial. General area of study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Urology. Type of study: Literature review article.