Determination of antibiotics in raw bovine milk at the cooperative center of Ludo parish, Sigsig canton

Abstract

Introduction. Milk is a biological liquid with high nutrient content produced by the mammary glands of cows; it contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, and hormones that benefit the development of children and adults. To ensure its quality, milk must meet specific requirements established in the Ecuadorian Technical Standard - National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases 9 (NTE INEN by its Spanish acronym). These parameters are evaluated through sensory analysis, physicochemical properties, and microbiological tests to ensure their safety and purity before being processed in dairy plants and consumed in various forms and derivatives. Objective. To detect residues of beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides in the cooperative center of Ludo, Ecuador, to establish the quality of raw bovine milk supplied to dairy industries. Methodology. Samples were collected from various suppliers, employing three different routes on random days. Absence or presence of antibiotic residues was determined using the Bioeasy Rapid Test Kit. Results. The analysis of antibiotic residues revealed two positive cases among the 116 collected samples. One case tested positive for beta-lactams, while the other exhibited sulfonamides residues. These substances are used to treat various cattle-related pathologies. Hence, keeping a record of treated animals and complying with milk withdrawal times is crucial. Conclusion. The presence of antibiotic residues in raw bovine milk is concerning due to the adverse effects on human health, including allergies, dysbacteriosis, antimicrobial resistance, and toxicity. It can also lead to the rejection of the product.