Effects of photobiomodulation in orthodontic treatment. Bibliographic Review

Abstract

Introduction. Orthodontics is a dental specialty in charge of correcting alterations regarding the location of the teeth within their dental arches, known as malocclusions. In this context, photobiomodulation (FBM) emerges as a promising treatment that uses low intensity light to stimulate biological responses in tissues in an accelerated way to allow acceleration of tooth movement, thus achieving faster tooth movements. Objective. To determine the effect of FBM in orthodontic treatment by exploring the available scientific evidence on its application in this field. Methodology. A descriptive, critical, and cross-sectional analysis was conducted through a bibliographic review of the literature related to the subject under study, about the consequences of FBM for orthodontic treatment in the digital databases: Pudmed, Proquest and Redalyc using the keywords "orthodontics,” “photobiomodulation,” “laser therapy” and “low-level light therapy.” Results. The results that were obtained during this bibliographic review verified that, the FBM was able to stimulate the movement of the osteoblasts and helped to form the bone around the teeth, the FBM accelerated the dental movement in patients with orthodontic treatment. Conclusion. FBM can speed up tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. In addition, a significant decrease in inflammation was demonstrated, as well as a reduction in tooth sensitivity and discomfort after fitting of the orthodontic appliances.