Prevalence and risk factors in celiac disease that lead to developing iron deficiency anemia

Abstract

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune digestive disorder that affects the villi of the small intestine, this condition leads to poor absorption of nutrients. nutrients, causing the development of other pathologies, among which anemia stands out. The exact etiology of CD is unknown; however, studies indicate that there are environmental, genetic, and immunological factors that can trigger iron deficiency disease, early detection. It is vitally important to prevent severe complications. Objective: To analyze the prevalence and risk factors in celiac disease that lead to developing iron deficiency anemia. Methodology: The present research was based on a bibliographic review, using the PRISMA method for the collection and analysis of scientific articles on celiac disease (CD) and its association with iron deficiency anemia, in such a way that the quality, reliability and suitability of the information. To search for information, keywords are used such as: “Gluten,” “celiac disease,” “iron deficiency anemia,” integrating the connectors “y/AND” and “o/OR.” To compile the bibliographic information, scientific review articles were used with the contribution of journals, scientific studies, using Google academic, databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier and SciELO as a tool. Results: After analyzing the information collected from the 15 articles, it can be seen that of the 15 articles included, in which patients of different ages are studied, starting from children under 10 years of age to older adults, 3 articles mention that celiac disease (CD) is more common in people between 30 and 40 years old, representing 20%, however, 8 articles mention that the pediatric population, especially children under 10 years old, are the most vulnerable to suffering from celiac disease (CD), representing 53.33%, finally, within this same population, 4 articles mention that vulnerability is greater in children with Down syndrome (DS) and Turner syndrome, representing 26.66%. Conclusion: In the present study, it was possible to identify the populations vulnerable to suffering from celiac disease (CD), with children under ten years of age being the most affected, children with Down Syndrome (DS) and Turner Syndrome (TS) due to the genetic predisposition that They present and to a lesser extent adults between the third and fourth decade of life. The risk factors in celiac disease (CD) that lead patients to develop iron deficiency anemia are three: nutrient malabsorption, peeling of the intestinal epithelium and intestinal microbleeds. The relationship between the severity of celiac disease and the development of iron deficiency anemia, patients who have not been correctly diagnosed present complications that aggravate the clinical picture, therefore, the severity of celiac disease (CD) will be older and the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia will be higher, the same occurs in the case of patients correctly diagnosed, with adequate treatment but who are not adherent to the gluten-free diet (DLG). General study area: Clinical Laboratory. Specific area of study: Immunology. Type of article: systematic bibliographic review.