Facial recognition as a crime investigation and prevention instrument

Abstract

Introduction. The facial scanner is a tool that allows the creation of a 3D digital image of the patient's face and teeth, facilitating the analysis of their facial structure to optimize aesthetic results. This device overcomes the limitations of direct methods, which require manual instruments and the patient's cooperation, by offering a fast and accurate way of capturing information in three dimensions. Objective. To investigate the importance and impact of facial scanning technology in the forensic field by means of a bibliographical exploration of its applications, advantages, and limitations to establish its contribution to the study of crime. Methodology. The research presented uses a documentary methodology with a bibliographic design, focused on the collection and analysis of information on the use of facial scanners in forensic investigations. The study is based on the critical review of scientific articles and relevant academic publications, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and tools such as Mendeley to organize the references. 15 scientific articles were selected under specific criteria, such as relevance to forensic applications of facial scanning, publication in the last 10 years, peer review, and accessibility. Results. As for the results, the history of facial scanning is detailed, which began in the 1960s with the first attempts at identification through facial features. Although the first advances were limited, over time, the development of computer science and facial recognition algorithms allowed the technology to evolve, improving its accuracy and access. Today, the facial scanner is a key tool not only in security and access control, but also in identification in forensic investigations. Conclusion. The facial scanner is a key tool in the identification of individuals in forensic investigations, standing out for its high accuracy and ability to generate detailed three-dimensional images of the face. This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional methods such as DNA and fingerprint analysis, especially in situations where these methods are not applicable due to lack of tissue or conditions that do not allow for its proper collection. Thanks to their high precision, 3D facial scanners can compare the images obtained with facial databases, facilitating rapid and reliable identification in criminal contexts, thus improving efficiency in solving forensic cases. General area of study: Forensic Sciences. Specific area of study: Forensic Dentistry. Type of study: Original articles.