Characterization of the posterior segment of the eye in patients from the Institute of Vision – Manta and Portoviejo

Abstract

Introduction: The study examines the characteristics of the posterior ocular segment and its impact on the visual health of patients at the Instituto de la Vision in Manta and Portoviejo. It highlights the importance of understanding these characteristics to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ocular diseases. The research focuses on identifying patterns and characteristics using advanced imaging techniques and data analysis, considering factors such as age, gender, and medical history. Objective: To characterize the posterior ocular segment of patients at the Instituto de la Vision Manta-Portoviejo. Methodology: The study analyzes the characteristics of the posterior ocular segment of 433 patients with fundus abnormalities, previous diagnoses, special studies and corrected visual acuity who were treated in 2019, using a cross-sectional, correlational-causal/descriptive approach to identify significant patterns. Statistical tools such as SPSS version 26 were used, analyzing data through frequencies (n) and percentages (%). Results: The study reveals that glaucoma is more common in women, while macular edema predominates in men, primarily affecting individuals aged 61 to 80 years (48.1%). It emphasizes the need to improve eye health services for older adults and infrastructure in rural areas. Diabetic retinopathy (30.9%) and glaucoma (20.3%) are the most prevalent posterior segment pathologies, with a high proportion of bilateral involvement. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for early detection and equitable access to diagnostic and treatment services. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates the prevention and management of systemic conditions in care is highlighted. The study provides crucial information to improve optometric/ophthalmological clinical practice and raise awareness of the importance of regular fundus check-ups to improve care.