Clarificación de aguas residuales de la industria láctea en base a la tuna (Opuntia ficus indica) como coagulante natural
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Aug 5, 2021
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Introducción. La utilización de coagulantes naturales surge como una alternativa ecológica para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, tanto domésticas como industriales. Objetivo. Investigar el proceso de clarificación de un agua residual de una industria láctea, de la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador, utilizando Tuna (Opuntia ficus indica) como agente coagulante natural. Metodología. Se estudió la coagulación en muestras de un litro de agua residual mediante un equipo estándar de prueba de jarras, modificando las variables concentración de coagulante (1-2 %P) y volumen de coagulante (5-35 ml). Los parámetros analizados fueron turbidez, color, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO), sólidos suspendidos (SS), sólidos totales (ST) y coliformes fecales (CF), datos comparados con la normativa del Texto Unificado de Legislación Ambiental Secundaria del Ministerio del Ambiente (TULSMA). Resultados. Se encontró que la dosificación óptima fue 20 ml de solución de coagulante al 2% (400 ppm). Las eficiencias de remoción encontradas fueron 77,8% en turbidez, 51,8% en color, 26,8% en DQO, 13,9% en DBO, 31,0% en SS, 26,4% en ST y 99,96% en CF. Conclusión. Los resultados muestran que la Tuna (Opuntia ficus indica) puede ser utilizada como tratamiento preliminar de las aguas residuales de una industria láctea.
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Borja Mayorga, D. F., Chuiza Rojas, M. R., & Andrade Avalos, M. L. (2021). Clarificación de aguas residuales de la industria láctea en base a la tuna (Opuntia ficus indica) como coagulante natural. ConcienciaDigital, 4(3.1), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.33262/concienciadigital.v4i3.1.1821
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Buntner D, Sánchez A, Garrido JM, (2013). Feasibility of combined UASB and MBR system in dairy wastewater treatment at ambient temperatures, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 230, pp. 475-481.
Chen W, Liu J, (2012). The possibility and applicability of coagulation-MBR hybrid system in reclamation of dairy wastewater, Desalination, 285, pp. 226-231.
Choudhary M, Ray MB, Neogi S, (2019). Evaluation of the Potential Application of Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) as a Bio-coagulant for Pre-treatment of Oil Sands Process- Affected Water, Separation and Purification Technology, 209, pp. 714-724.
Diaz A , Rincon N , Escorihuela A , Fernandez N , Chacin E , Forster CF, (1999). A preliminary evaluation of turbidity removal by natural coagulants indigenous to Venezuela, Process Biochemestry, 35, pp. 391-395.
Djerroud N, Adjeroud N, Felkai-Haddache L, Hammoui Y, Remini H, Dahmoune F, Merzouk B, Madani K, (2018). Enhanced electrocoagulation–electroflotation for turbidity removal by Opuntia ficus indica cladode mucilage, Water and Environmental Journal, Vol. 32, 3, pp. 321-332.
El-Mostafa K, El Kharrassi Y, Badreddine A, Andreoletti P, Vamecq J, El Kebbaj M, Latruffe N, Lizard G, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, (2014). Nopal Cactus (Opuntia ficus- indica) as a Source of Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition, Health and Disease, Molecules, 19, 14879-14901.
Formentini-Schmitt DM, Dias AC, Veit MT, Bergamasco R, Salcedo AM, Fagundes-Klen MR, (2013). Ultrafiltration Combined with Coagulation / Flocculation / Sedimentation using Moringa oleifera as Coagulant to Treat Dairy Industry Wastewater, Water Air Soil Pollut, 224, pp. 1682-1691.
Gade A, Gaikwad S, Tiwari V, Yadav A, Ingle A, Rai M, (2010). Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Opuntia ficus-indica: In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Study of the Mechanism Involved in the Synthesis, Current Nanoscience, 6, 4, pp. 370-375.
Geetha M, Dumaran JJ, Feroz S, (2012). Dairy Wastewater Treatment Using Low Molecular Weight Crab Shell chitosan, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India) Series E, 93, 1, pp. 9-14.
Gomes L, Troiani EP, Malpass G, Jorge Nozaki J, (2016). Opuntia ficus indica as a polyelectrolyte source for the treatment of tannery wastewater, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 22, 10181-10187.
Kaewsuk J, Thorasampan W, Thanuttamavong M, Seo GT, (2010). bKinetic development and evaluation of membrane sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) with mixed cultures photosynthetic bacteria for dairy wastewater treatment, Journal of Environmental Management, 91, pp. 1161-1168.
Karadag D, Oguz Emre Köroğlu OE, Ozkaya B, Cakmakci M, (2015). A review on anaerobic biofilm reactors for the treatment ofdairy industry wastewater, Process Biochemistry, 50, 2, pp. 262-271.
Kushwaha JP, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, (2010). Treatment of dairy wastewater by commercial activated carbon and bagasse fly ash: Parametric, kinetic and equilibrium modelling, disposal studies, Bioresource Technology, 101, pp. 3474-3483.
Kushwaha JP, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, (2010). Treatment of dairy wastewater by inorganic coagulants: Parametric and disposal studies, Water Research, 44, pp. 5867-5874.
Kushwaha JP, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, (2011). Studies on Electrochemical Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrode, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 57, 2, pp. 2589-2598.
Louati I, Fersi M, Hadrich B, Ghariani B, Nasri M, Mechichi T, (2018). Prickly pear cactus cladodes powder of Opuntia ficus indica as a cost effective biosorbent for dyes removal from aqueous solutions, Biotech, 8, pp. 477-486.
Lozoya Castillo DL, Castillo-Hernández SL, Hernández- Marín DA, Rivas-Morales C, Sánchez-García E, (2018). Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de subproductos de Opuntia ficus-indica y Mangifera indica, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, 3, pp. 139-144.
Luo J, Ding LH, 2011, Influence of pH on treatment of dairy wastewater by nanofiltration using shear-enhanced filtration system, Desalination, 278, pp. 150-156.
NTE INEN 518, (1981). Harinas de origen vegetal. Determinación de la pérdida por calentamiento Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/ (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 520, (2013). Harinas de origen vegetal.. Determinación de ceniza.. Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/, (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 522, 2013, Harinas de origen vegetal. Determinación de la fibra cruda. Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana. Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec / descarga/ , (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 523, 1981, Harinas de origen vegetal. Determinación de la grasa. Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/ (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 1670, 1988, QUINUA. Determinación de la proteína total (proteína cruda). Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/ (2019, 1 de Abril).
Onditi M, Adelodun A, Changamu EO, Ngila JC, (2016). Removal of Pb2 and Cd2 from drinking water using polysaccharide extract isolated from cactus pads (Opuntia ficus indica), Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 133, 38, pp. 43913-43911.
Sarkar B, Chakrabarti PP, Vijaykumar A., Kale V, (2006) Wastewater treatment in dairy industries -possibility of reuse, Desalination, 195, pp.141-152.
Selmer-Olsen E, Ratnaweera HC, Pehrsonv R, (1996). A novel treatment process for Dairy wastewater with chitosan produced from shrimp-shell waste, Water Science and Technology, 34, 11, pp. 33-40.
TULSMA, (2015). Ministerio del Ambiente. Consultado el 10 de enero de 2019 de:……http://www.industrias.ec/archivos/CIG/file/CARTELERA/Reforma%20Anexo%2028%20feb%202014%20FINAL.pdf.
Villabona A, Paz IC, Martínez J, (2013). Caracterización de la Opuntia ficus-indica para su uso como coagulante natural, Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, XV, 1, 137-144.
Vourch M, Balannec B, Chaufer B, Dorange G, (2008) Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by reverse osmosis for water reuse, Desalination, 219, pp. 190-202.
Wan J, Chakraborty T, Xu C, Ray MB, (2019). Treatment train for tailings pond water using Opuntia ficus-indica as coagulant, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 211, pp. 448-455.
Yavuz Y, Ocal E, Koparal AS, Ogutveren UB, (2011). Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by EC and EF processes using hybrid Fe–Al plate electrodes, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 86, pp. 964-969.
Buntner D, Sánchez A, Garrido JM, (2013). Feasibility of combined UASB and MBR system in dairy wastewater treatment at ambient temperatures, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 230, pp. 475-481.
Chen W, Liu J, (2012). The possibility and applicability of coagulation-MBR hybrid system in reclamation of dairy wastewater, Desalination, 285, pp. 226-231.
Choudhary M, Ray MB, Neogi S, (2019). Evaluation of the Potential Application of Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) as a Bio-coagulant for Pre-treatment of Oil Sands Process- Affected Water, Separation and Purification Technology, 209, pp. 714-724.
Diaz A , Rincon N , Escorihuela A , Fernandez N , Chacin E , Forster CF, (1999). A preliminary evaluation of turbidity removal by natural coagulants indigenous to Venezuela, Process Biochemestry, 35, pp. 391-395.
Djerroud N, Adjeroud N, Felkai-Haddache L, Hammoui Y, Remini H, Dahmoune F, Merzouk B, Madani K, (2018). Enhanced electrocoagulation–electroflotation for turbidity removal by Opuntia ficus indica cladode mucilage, Water and Environmental Journal, Vol. 32, 3, pp. 321-332.
El-Mostafa K, El Kharrassi Y, Badreddine A, Andreoletti P, Vamecq J, El Kebbaj M, Latruffe N, Lizard G, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, (2014). Nopal Cactus (Opuntia ficus- indica) as a Source of Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition, Health and Disease, Molecules, 19, 14879-14901.
Formentini-Schmitt DM, Dias AC, Veit MT, Bergamasco R, Salcedo AM, Fagundes-Klen MR, (2013). Ultrafiltration Combined with Coagulation / Flocculation / Sedimentation using Moringa oleifera as Coagulant to Treat Dairy Industry Wastewater, Water Air Soil Pollut, 224, pp. 1682-1691.
Gade A, Gaikwad S, Tiwari V, Yadav A, Ingle A, Rai M, (2010). Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Opuntia ficus-indica: In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Study of the Mechanism Involved in the Synthesis, Current Nanoscience, 6, 4, pp. 370-375.
Geetha M, Dumaran JJ, Feroz S, (2012). Dairy Wastewater Treatment Using Low Molecular Weight Crab Shell chitosan, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India) Series E, 93, 1, pp. 9-14.
Gomes L, Troiani EP, Malpass G, Jorge Nozaki J, (2016). Opuntia ficus indica as a polyelectrolyte source for the treatment of tannery wastewater, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 22, 10181-10187.
Kaewsuk J, Thorasampan W, Thanuttamavong M, Seo GT, (2010). bKinetic development and evaluation of membrane sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) with mixed cultures photosynthetic bacteria for dairy wastewater treatment, Journal of Environmental Management, 91, pp. 1161-1168.
Karadag D, Oguz Emre Köroğlu OE, Ozkaya B, Cakmakci M, (2015). A review on anaerobic biofilm reactors for the treatment ofdairy industry wastewater, Process Biochemistry, 50, 2, pp. 262-271.
Kushwaha JP, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, (2010). Treatment of dairy wastewater by commercial activated carbon and bagasse fly ash: Parametric, kinetic and equilibrium modelling, disposal studies, Bioresource Technology, 101, pp. 3474-3483.
Kushwaha JP, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, (2010). Treatment of dairy wastewater by inorganic coagulants: Parametric and disposal studies, Water Research, 44, pp. 5867-5874.
Kushwaha JP, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, (2011). Studies on Electrochemical Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrode, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 57, 2, pp. 2589-2598.
Louati I, Fersi M, Hadrich B, Ghariani B, Nasri M, Mechichi T, (2018). Prickly pear cactus cladodes powder of Opuntia ficus indica as a cost effective biosorbent for dyes removal from aqueous solutions, Biotech, 8, pp. 477-486.
Lozoya Castillo DL, Castillo-Hernández SL, Hernández- Marín DA, Rivas-Morales C, Sánchez-García E, (2018). Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de subproductos de Opuntia ficus-indica y Mangifera indica, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, 3, pp. 139-144.
Luo J, Ding LH, 2011, Influence of pH on treatment of dairy wastewater by nanofiltration using shear-enhanced filtration system, Desalination, 278, pp. 150-156.
NTE INEN 518, (1981). Harinas de origen vegetal. Determinación de la pérdida por calentamiento Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/ (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 520, (2013). Harinas de origen vegetal.. Determinación de ceniza.. Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/, (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 522, 2013, Harinas de origen vegetal. Determinación de la fibra cruda. Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana. Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec / descarga/ , (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 523, 1981, Harinas de origen vegetal. Determinación de la grasa. Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/ (2019, 1 de Abril).
NTE INEN 1670, 1988, QUINUA. Determinación de la proteína total (proteína cruda). Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana, Primera edición. Disponible en: http://apps.normalizacion.gob.ec/descarga/ (2019, 1 de Abril).
Onditi M, Adelodun A, Changamu EO, Ngila JC, (2016). Removal of Pb2 and Cd2 from drinking water using polysaccharide extract isolated from cactus pads (Opuntia ficus indica), Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 133, 38, pp. 43913-43911.
Sarkar B, Chakrabarti PP, Vijaykumar A., Kale V, (2006) Wastewater treatment in dairy industries -possibility of reuse, Desalination, 195, pp.141-152.
Selmer-Olsen E, Ratnaweera HC, Pehrsonv R, (1996). A novel treatment process for Dairy wastewater with chitosan produced from shrimp-shell waste, Water Science and Technology, 34, 11, pp. 33-40.
TULSMA, (2015). Ministerio del Ambiente. Consultado el 10 de enero de 2019 de:……http://www.industrias.ec/archivos/CIG/file/CARTELERA/Reforma%20Anexo%2028%20feb%202014%20FINAL.pdf.
Villabona A, Paz IC, Martínez J, (2013). Caracterización de la Opuntia ficus-indica para su uso como coagulante natural, Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, XV, 1, 137-144.
Vourch M, Balannec B, Chaufer B, Dorange G, (2008) Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by reverse osmosis for water reuse, Desalination, 219, pp. 190-202.
Wan J, Chakraborty T, Xu C, Ray MB, (2019). Treatment train for tailings pond water using Opuntia ficus-indica as coagulant, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 211, pp. 448-455.
Yavuz Y, Ocal E, Koparal AS, Ogutveren UB, (2011). Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by EC and EF processes using hybrid Fe–Al plate electrodes, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 86, pp. 964-969.