Epidemiological response of black sigatoka disease (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) to different foliar calcium rates in banana (Musa AAA, Cavendish Subgroup) under commercial production conditions
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Abstract
Introduction. Black Sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, progressively reduces functional leaf area and is a major phytosanitary constraint in banana production. Objective. To evaluate the epidemiological response of the disease to different foliar calcium (Ca) rates used as a complement to commercial phytosanitary management. Methodology. A randomized complete block design with five treatments and four blocks was established in a commercial banana plantation in El Guabo, El Oro, Ecuador. All units received mancozeb at 1.4 kg/ha and differed in SOLEI CaO 20µ rates of 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 L/ha. Disease dynamics were evaluated for 100 days through eight fortnightly assessments. Results. At L8, significant differences were detected for EE₃, EE₄, EE₅ and H+VLQ >5%. EE₅ showed the largest effect size (η² = 0.160). T3 (2.0 L/ha) recorded the lowest EE₅ (131.55), representing a 9.31% reduction relative to the control. Conclusion. The 2.0 L/ha rate showed the best performance within the evaluated range. Foliar Ca should be considered a complementary nutritional tool within integrated management and not a substitute for fungicidal control. General Area of Study: Agricultural Sciences. Specific area of study: Plant Pathology and Plant Epidemiology. Type of study: Original article.
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