Relationship between cervical vertebrae position and class II malocclusion. a literature review

Abstract

In orthodontic clinical practice, careful analysis of craniofacial structures is essential to assess the harmony and anatomical balance in patients. The spinal column plays a crucial role in the anatomy and functionality of the stomatognathic system. Objective: To analyze the information in digital databases to establish the relationship between craniocervical posture and Class II Malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, SciELO Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Redalyc, and Scopus by using keywords obtained from Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCs). Studies analyzing the relationship between cervical vertebral position, cranial posture, and Class II Malocclusion were considered, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the most relevant studies. Justification: Craniocervical evaluation is crucial in orthodontics. This review analyzes its relationship with malocclusion, highlighting its importance for accurate diagnosis and treatment through synthesizing and analyzing existing evidence. Results: Cranio-maxillofacial postural balance occurs when the head is maintained in equilibrium through the atlanto-occipital joint. The cervical spine, maxillae, musculature, hyoid bone, and all related structures maintain a balance of forces.