Introduction. HMB basic motor skills are essential, but in people with disabilities such as Down syndrome, intellectual disability, or hearing impairment, they are limited by specific challenges, which demands tailored interventions for their inclusive development. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a program of adapted play activities in the development of basic motor skills in students with different disabilities. Methodology. A pre-experimental design was used with five students from a Specialized Educational Unit in Shushufindi, Ecuador. Results. Significant improvements were recorded in all HMB, going from mostly “Fair” to “Very high” levels. Advances in balance, manipulation and locomotion stood out, especially in students with Down syndrome. Conclusion. The program of adapted play activities was effective in developing basic motor skills in students with various disabilities, highlighting the relevance of these interventions in inclusive contexts. General Area of Study: Education. Specific area of study: Inclusive Physical Education. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction. Inclusion in Physical Education is key to guaranteeing the active participation of hearing-impaired students, overcoming communication and accessibility barriers. Adapted gymnastic practices, through visual and kinesthetic strategies, promote the development of motor skills, social interaction, and group cohesion. Objective. To design and validate a learning program and gymnastic practices that promote the inclusion of hearing-impaired students in physical education. Methodology. The research used a mixed sequential explanatory approach with a pre-experimental and phenomenological design. We worked with 28 students, including one student with hearing impairment. The 8-week intervention integrated adapted visual and gestural activities. Observational instruments were used to measure dimensions of inclusion and semi-structured interviews for qualitative analysis. Results. The data evidenced significant gains in overall inclusion, with an increase in mean values from 24.79 ± 6.69 at pretest to 37.69 ± 3.48 at posttest (P = 0.05). In addition, improvements were observed in group cohesion, communication and positive perception of the adaptive strategies implemented, strengthening integration to Physical Education. Qualitative analysis revealed improvements in group cohesion, communication, and participants' perception of inclusive strategies. Conclusion. The adapted gymnastic practices program was effective in promoting the inclusion of students with hearing impairment in the physical education class. General area of study: Education. Specific area of study: Inclusive Physical Education. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction: Social networks have become one of the communication spaces through which public and private institutions seek to visualize themselves and interact with their audiences to achieve greater acceptance. Facebook and Instagram are widely used digital platforms due to their easy use and reach to all audiences. Objectives: a) To establish under the concepts of Niklas Luhmann's systems theory how social networks generate interaction and communication. b) To analyze how social networks serve to communicate and interact from the principles of organizational communication of the GAD of Nangaritza. Methodology: A qualitative-quantitative approach was used to obtain a comprehensive view of the use of social networks. An analysis matrix was designed that evaluated publications in the official Facebook and Instagram accounts of the GAD of Nangaritza. Interviews were also conducted with three experts in digital communication and public management to understand how these tools encourage interaction with the community. Results: The social networks of the GAD of Nangaritza have been an optimal channel to present information to citizens. However, communication and interaction have not been fully achieved, so it is necessary to adjust the organizational communication strategy. Conclusions: It is necessary to invest efforts in the creation of a specific strategic plan for the management of social networks, including periodic reviews and updates of its digital platforms. This will allow for fostering greater closeness with citizens. General study area: Communication. Specific study area: Organizational communication.