The demographic transition and population aging: future challenges for health policy in Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction. The accelerated aging of the population is evident on a national and international scale, which is why the formulation of policies and strategic plans by nations is necessary to mitigate its effects on society. Themes related to aging are increasingly common around the world. The pace of events and the international meetings to address them have undergone an accelerated agenda to reflect on the possible trends with which governments should address social security and the elderly population itself. This article proposes a statistical analysis of the phenomenon of Aging. Taking these aspects into account, the objective of the research is to analyze the demographic transition and population aging as a positive catalyst for health policy in Ecuador. The study design is non-experimental, with an exploratory scope and qualitative approach. The results show that the main perceived limitations are socio-economic inequalities in basic sectors such as medical care and pensions, the demand for care and health problems specific to age. Likewise, other limitations evident are the lack of skills in the operation of new systems based on the use of information and communication technologies. For all this, governments must implement short and medium-term solutions that contribute to their resolution or mitigation, because of new social challenges, so that the quality of life, well-being status and adequate social inclusion can be increased. Objective. Analyze the demographic transition and population aging as a positive catalyst for health policy in Ecuador. Methodology. To develop this research, the descriptive analytical method is used, considering the factors that contribute to demographic changes, exploring the intricate interaction of socioeconomic, cultural and health care-related variables that support aging populations. The focus will then turn to an in-depth examination of the systemic challenges facing health systems as they grapple with the increased demand for specialized care, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and the need to address physical, psychological, and social dimensions of aging in Ecuador. Results. The demographic transition and population aging are the result of social and economic progress that increased life expectancy of an age group of the population compared to another group that decreased fertility. The magnitudes and times in which these declines were achieved led to increases in the percentage and absolute participation of the population in advanced ages, creating an inertia that characterizes the 21st century. In Ecuador it is a process that is framed in a development context that requires adapting population policy to new circumstances. The first consideration is to recognize that everything starts from the vulnerability of the population at advanced ages, when advancing age increases health risks and decreases physical and mental capacities, thus causing loss of autonomy, decreased adaptability, social and economic dependence. Conclusion. This work highlights the urgency for health systems to adapt to demographic changes, particularly the challenges posed by an aging population. It advocates an initiative-taking and holistic approach, calling for policy interventions, innovative healthcare models and a re-evaluation of societal perspectives on ageing. In this sense the complexities inherent in demographic transitions, health systems can strive to achieve inclusion, sustainability, and improved quality of life for the growing older population. General area of study: Public Administration. Specific area of study: Public policies. Type of study:  Original articles.