Technical agro-industrial
in the planning tourist.
Technical agro-industrial
in the planning tourist.
Christian Rivera García.[1],
Maricela Izurieta Puente. =
[2],
Fultón Oviedo Castro.
The
politics of state prioritizes the projects in base to the analysis of the
natural resources, which takes a rational advantage, establishing the value=
of
the sustainable development in vitro of the integration of the multi levels=
of
planning, with emphasis in the productivity and waking up the decorum of the
environmental protection in fulfillment by awareness, conviction and no by
culpability. The training of the human talent is theoretical and practical
capacities address the transformation of the prime matter, further of
productive chains, plans of market,
economic context and competitions of self- management, in alternatives of
arrangement and an integral improvement , directed to the agricultural
industrialization and livestock through processes, technical and technologi=
cal
sustainable, systemic and systematics, is the true goal to change the
generational of the new projects in the innovative companies of offer and
demand (tourism), goods and services (industries), ended in products and
processes of circumstantial and participatory anchorage, in the assurance of
quality and agro-industrial security, that treat always to satisfy visible
needs in analysis-synthesis of the investigative problematics identified and
scientifically sustained.
Keywords: Planificación Tourist, Levels of Planning, Agro-Indu=
strial
Resumen.
La
política de estado prioriza los proyectos en base al análisis de los recurs=
os
naturales, lo que toma una ventaja racional, estableciendo el valor del
desarrollo sostenible in vitro de la integración de los múltiples niveles de
planificación, con énfasis en la productividad y el despertar el decoro de =
la
protección del medio ambiente en cumplimiento por conciencia, convicción y =
no
por culpabilidad. La formación del talento humano son capacidades teóricas y
prácticas dirigidas a la transformación de la materia prima, más allá de
cadenas productivas, planes de mercado, contexto económico y competencias de
autogestión, en alternativas de ordenamiento y una mejora integral, dirigid=
as a
la agricultura la industrialización y la ganadería a través de procesos,
técnicos y tecnológicos sostenibles, sistémicos y sistemáticos, es el verda=
dero
objetivo de cambiar las generaciones de los nuevos proyectos en las empresas
innovadoras de oferta y demanda (turismo), bienes y servicios (industrias),
terminadas en productos y procesos de anclaje circunstancial y participativ=
o,
en la garantía de calidad y seguridad agroindustrial, que tratan siempre de
satisfacer necesidades visibles en análisis-síntesis de la problemática
investigativa identificada y sustentada científicamente.
Palabras clave: Planificación Turíst=
ica,
Niveles de Planificación, Agroindustriales
The investigation plays an excellent paper in this
work because the projects need of a revaluation in its innovation, propose a
change in the attention is not sufficient this field requires deep changes =
in
the philosophy of the tourism that on pass the autonomous work by the integ=
ral work
with full community social participation.
For this work, considered the
"investigation" like a systematic human act and organized allocat=
ed
to produce knowledge, and to the "tourist planning” like the guide to
think before acting, using processes to enter a greater rationalization and
organization in the activities and own actions of the tourist activity, that
has to reach his aims and put them established
of efficient and effective way using the resources that in some cases
are limited and in other put to proof.
The approach of sustainable development filters
parameters rescued of the activity, especially, community interested in
decontextualizing the reality in its surroundings whose permanent participa=
tion
to seed the need of the rational benefit of the natural and cultural resour=
ces
of which always have formed part, no like owners but like element attach to=
the
cosmovision vidya.
The shy sustainability and retracted has driven us
with some vidya of strategies without results sufficiently satisfactory;
particularly from the point of view of the equitable distribution of the knowledge for which thinks by =
others
and those that think by themselves disconnecting the tourist and environmen=
tal
interrelationship with the present and future population.
Additiona=
lly,
it can affirm that, the development and the sustainability in these moments
have allowed freedom of decisions and cognitive follow-up, attitudinal and
procedural by splits of the communities. The multisectoral is little oriented to resolve the priorities
problems of the country, has found=
in
the planning and implementation of programs or projects directly linked with
the production and export, the active nesting of the universities, private
company, institutions of sciences and technology, native organizations and
professionals of the tourism to re=
ach
the true freedom to choose as we w=
ant to
live, so that we want to live, with those who have to live and that we have=
to
take care.
Satisfy
the needs of the man is an unpostponable challenge for a society with full
technological peak, this has produced the improvement, incalculable, in the
life of some planetary societies that technify =
their
lives to optimize them. The technological trips no longer are a barrier, ar=
e a
reality, which verifies the human ambition in the expansion and the conques=
t of
new fields. At present they schedule trips to the moon to observe our planet
from the space considering this activity like a species of space tourism. T=
he
tourism always has been involved with the activity of the man in all the
fields, this has allowed to reach some economic and cultural development
although lost still in the ecological. The big orbes
where is practiced the tourist activity on a large scale eat: the Indian,
China, United States, Germany, France, between others, had to go through big
transformations, considerations and adaptations to the new profiles of the
tourists, being its main arms the futuristic planning and the ambitious
projects of cultural exploitation and ecological intern, all this under the
premise of “conservation”.
Organize
the tourist activities to have fun and distraction of national travelers and
foreigners, is fully known like planning, be a step forward of the needs of=
the
traveler is key of success, plan the goods and services of use and consumpt=
ion
is an advantage of the tourist planning, that reflects in the considerable
increase of the number of travelers that visit places positioned strategica=
lly
in the market of trips and destinations.
Considering
the new tourist tendencies world-wide, Latin America is the market of the
natural rest and of the integral health, that present the native communities
particularly in the Amazon. The communities, intelligently, have improvement
its resources, that are used like source of economic income, reverted profi=
ts
in improvements of roads, infrastructure and of course of population qualif=
ication,
frame in which it has some distrust in the projection of the tourist activi=
ty,
considering the uniformity with that wants to handle some typology of touri=
sm
without a previous geographic diagnostic, economic and psycho-social.
The
Ecuador has indicators of privilege in relation to this planation tourist t=
hat
regenerates the activity of the traveler in multiple national destinations
inside its four regions, taking the best ancestral knowledges and the stren=
gths
of the nature, that owe and have to be governed by strategic lines of plann=
ing,
keeping the plans, programs and projects articulated between yes, looking f=
or
the execution and operationalization of the activities program.
<= o:p>
The metamorphosis of a
country attains only with the strategic planning, politics that allows the
rational legislative articulation, given the different multi levels in a
national network of planning, accompanied of a series of norms, of political
actors, and societies that organize put them and his fulfillment.
The planning is the pro=
cess
to establish goals and choose the best to reach the right one (Ortiz).=
It
is the process that follows to determine the exact shape what the organizat=
ion
will do to reach his aims. (Sisk).
It is the process to
evaluate all the notable information
and the likely future developments, gives like result a course of action
recommended: a plan. (Goodstein).
It is the process to
establish aims and choose the half more appropriate for the attainment of t=
he
same before undertaking the action (Ackoff).
Definition
Jiménez, 1982: "The planning is a process of taking
of decisions to reach a future wished, taking into account =
the
current situation and the internal and external factors that can influence =
in
the attainment of the aims". It considers to the planning like a proce=
ss
that looks for, to relate actions and operations to reach put and aims, by =
what
for the author is planning
is the process that organizes and relates a group of actions and operations
between yes, allowing reach aims and put established, awarding rationality =
in
the use of means and scarce resources or limited. (Rivera,
C., Oviedo, M. And Galarza, F. 2015).
Steps for the Planning.
·
Detection of an
opportunity
·
Establishment of aims=
· =
Consideration
of the premises of the planning
·
Identification of the
alternatives
· =
Comparison
of alternatives of agreement to the aims and put them
·
Election of an
alternative
· =
Preparation
of the plans of support
· =
Preparation
of the budget
The
planning forms part of the newspaper do particularly of the popular masses =
that
link its action to a slang of behaviors and minimum effort, forging only
problems and more problems. Organize, previously the activities that made, =
is
to schedule, which expand the possibilities of success in the different soc=
ial
fields, looking for previously the possible solutions to problems identified
and prioritized with some time ago. Look for and use the effective resources
and efficient for the solution of problems, is another limited of the social
planning that mislead its innate capacities, for lacking peripheral thought
that provides the method of observation.
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
Brasil 1994 Brasil 2003-2007 Brasil 1956 Internal Division of Work Brasil 1963-1965 Trimestral Plan Brasil 1964-1966 Brasil 1968-1970 Brasil 1970-1973 Brasil 1975-1979 Brasil 1980-1985 Brasil 1994 Real Plan
Ecotourism Plan=
Municipalization Tourism
Better Integration and Decentralization Plan. Sustainabi=
lity
National Touris=
m Plan
New Approach to=
World Tourism
Plan of Objectives between USA and Brazil
Income Distribu=
tion
Economic Action=
Program
Development of =
the approach
Strategic Plan,=
D
Social Progress=
and Enlargement Jobs
Goals Program
World Tourism P=
ower
Second National=
Development Plan
Productive Sect=
ors
Third National =
Development Plan
Perception Envi=
ronmental Problem
Greater Foreign=
Investment
Prepared by: Research Group.
The tourism has evolved in different geographic ar=
eas,
with the multiple characteristic that this activity produces to the equal t=
hat
the possible projects and the investment that requires for his good operati=
on
and of course improve entirely the relation man-nature.
|
Short term |
|
It refers to adopt actions =
to
aimed and improve the demand’s seasonal variation or conjuncture’s adapta=
tion
changes that may occur in the Market or tourist services provision. |
|
Middle
term |
|
It’s possible to make chang=
es
in the infrastructure and equipment. |
|
Long
term |
|
=
These are decisions w=
hich
are related with tourism expansion These are decisions that are related to the expansion of tourism
activity, namely, these are measures and
decisions that will make its effects felt in the future |
Prepared by: Research Group.
The most liable form to be promoted of responsible=
way
is the ecotourism that allows to minimize the negative appearances of the
traveler on the environmental surroundings.
Prepared by: Research Group.
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
<= o:p>
The levels of tourist
planning answer to problematic that hinder the development of initiatives of
recreation and entertainment for the traveler or visitor in a region,
contemplating of course these multiple national interests and international
eat: costs, security, feeding, accommodation, entertainment, transport, off=
er,
demand, among others.
This involves to determ=
ine
the offer that the country has for the different tourist activities that can
make in our four regions, addressing contemplatively the new tendencies of =
the
groups of travelers and his demands, that are organized and articulated
potentially for the enjoy of the involved.
The tourist planning is=
a
process that listens the vulnerable needs of the nature and to all his
elements, prioritizes solutions, values contributions and participation of =
the
upper species that guarantees the contemplation of the resources by long. <=
/span>(Rivera,
C., Oviedo, M. And Galarza, F. 2015).
The coordination of the
tourism splits from the authority, that multiplies actions in the tourist
destinations to strengthen the public proposals and deprived of multiple ac=
tors
that sustain the same territorial planning translated in sustainability whe=
re the
egocentrism of the nature is the temperature, the climate, the species, the
rain, the water, the wind, the reproduction, the birth, the transformation,=
the
metamorphosis, the contemplation among others. All this inspires the
preparation of tools and operative instruments and regulators of this activ=
ity
for his best development of services, goods and tourist processes.
This process has to rea=
ch by
optimum stages of planning with order, commitment and security, identifying
responsibilities of fulfillment in the political, social, economic, cultura=
l,
ecological and spiritual, understand spiritual from the population ethical
values and governmental, providing the necessary balance in the improvement=
of
the quality of life of the population and the enjoy rational of our natural=
and
cultural resources. This planning would be incomplete if we forget the
financial resources, technological, humans, the evaluation and his follow-u=
p,
reflected in programs, budget and innovation in the aims delimited.
<= o:p>
The tourist planning is
important by the organization and operation of activities and actions,
according to his different factors describe it to him in the following char=
t:
IMPORTANCE Economy<=
/span> Control
gastos y presupuesto Identifica
alternativas de desarrollo Satisfacción de=
necesidades Social Polític<=
/span> Organiza a la empresa Satisfacción
de necesidades Cultural Satisfacción
de necesidades Environmental Éthical<=
/span> Fulfillment of the offered Innovation Added Value Rescue of ancestral values Lead by example Satisfaction
of needs
Destination development: supply + demand =3D =
marketImplementation of SMEs.
Innovation and improvement of goods and servi=
cesIncrease=
in visits
Control of uncertainty
Futuristic projection=
Take the opportunities
Efficiency in attention
Performance time and effortReduce hostile actions
Satisfaction of needs
Contingency guarantees
Rationality in decision makingRegulatory=
compliance control
<=
span
lang=3DES-EC style=3D'font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>=
Evaluate alternatives
Academic preparation<=
pre>Enrichment customs and traditions=
Exchange of experiences
Environmental condition for tourist activitie=
sMinimize impacts=
Control rational exploitationAdaptation to the macro and micro environment=
Avoid destruction and alterationSatisfaction of needs
Prepared by: Research Group.
The importance of the
planning in the tourism reduces to the transversality, sine qua non, of the improvement
substantial and significant of the quality of populational life estimating =
its
needs in attainments groups. A particular interest, that exhaust and overwh=
elm
these talents, do not find satisfaction in the work, that maximize potentia=
lly
projects tourist of big deep national and international.
|
Think before act |
Systematic |
Explaining possibilities |
|
Analyzing advantages and disadvantages |
Proposing goals |
Making future projections |
Prepared by: Research Group.
The advantage that enha=
nces
this type of planning is the integration of multi levels operative national=
and
sectionals with its respective competitions. The multidisciplinary integrat=
ion,
that is to say configure the contributions of professionals that join effor=
ts
in a common aim of population tourist development, is the most notable
advantage from the organization of tourist projects, with futuristic diagra=
ms
of several slogans like “ECUADOR LOVES THE LIFE” or “ALL YOU NEED IS ECUADO=
R” that
systematizes the offer of a country with multiple alternative of enjoy and
distraction. Between these advantages is synthetized in the following chart
that details:
TOURISTIC PLANNING=
ADVANTAGE
Improves the coord=
ination of the multidisciplinary team
Establish common goals
Help adaptation of=
the changing environment
Minimize conflicts
Operation and execution of activities
Integration of multilevel planning
Long-term sustainability
Improves the visio=
n of projects tourism.
It facilitates the tourist navigation
Articulation of go=
ods, services and processes
Prepared by: Research Group.
Materialize the tourist
business vision constitutes to configure some complementary elements that
guarantee the optimum development of the destination, splitting of the aims
scheduled with some time before, and of course the rational use and balance=
d of
the resources.
The disorganized
competition of offers, manipulate the true sense of enjoy and rest of the
traveler, implement tourist packages that handle a relation of natural and
cultural confraternity, benefits establishing a basic market, of conservati=
on
and protection. To carry out which was mentioned must understand transversal
aims in the same national planning tourist.
The authors Mill and Morrison (1992) ma=
nifest
that they exist five basic aims looked for by the planning:
· =
Adapt to the changes of the macro and micro
surroundings.
· =
Keep or look for the difference in natural
resources, cultural, architectural, others.
· =
Create high profitability and positive image.
· =
Avoid unpleasant situations, like the destructi=
on
and the alteration of the environment, pollution, hostile attitudes by part=
of
the residents in front of the arrival of tourists.
Conclusiones=
.
Referencias bibliográ=
ficas.
Abrahamsson, =
To.
(2006). "=
Sustainopreneurship-business
with To cause". In Frostell,
B. (Ed.), Science for sustainable development starting points and critical
reflections. Swedish Society for Sustainable Development, VHU - Uppsala, pp.
21-30.
Abrahamsson, =
To.
(2008). "=
Sustainopreneurship
-business with To cause: the promise of creative
business organizing for sustainability". In J=
ohannisson
& Lindholm Dahlstrand (Eds.), Bridging the
functional and territorial views on regional entrepreneurship and developme=
nt. Swedish
Foundation for Small Business Research, Sweden, pp.
137-155.
AECI
- Spanish agency of International Cooperation. (2006). "Manual of
sustainable tourism Araucaria XXI. Foundations and best practices".
Foreign office and Cooperation,
Madrid.
Bramwell, B. & Sharman, To. (1999). "Collaboration in Local tourism p=
olicymaking".
Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (2):
392-415.
Carree, M. To. & Thurik, R. (2003). "The
impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth". In: Audretsch, D. B. & Acs, Z. J.
(Eds.), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. Kluwer Academic =
Publishers,
Boston/Dordrecht, pp.
437-471.
Cohen,
B. & Winn, M. I. (2007). "=
Market
imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship". Jour=
nal
of Business Venturing, 22 (1): 29-49. &n=
bsp;
County
council department of tourism, Trade and Sport. (2007). "Register of
Tourism of Andalucia", Board of Andalucia,
Seville.
Dean,
T. J. & McMullen, J. S. (2007). "Toward
To theory of sustainable entrepreneurship: reducing environmental degradati=
on
through entrepreneurial action". Journal of Business Venturing, 22
(1): 50-76
Eagles,
P. F.; McCooland, S. & Haynes, C. (2002).&n=
bsp;"Sustainable tourism in protected
areas: Guidelines for planning and management". UICN Gland &
Cambridge
Epler, M. (2002). "Ecotourism: principles, practices
& policies for sustainability". United Nations Environment
EUROPARC-Spain.
(2009). "Yearbook EUROPARC-Spain of the state of the natural spaces
protected 2009". Ed. Foundation Fernando González Bernáldez,
Madrid
EUROPARC Federation. (1999). "The European
Letter of the Sustainable Tourism in the spaces protected" official te=
xt,
Government of Catalonia, Departament of Medi Am=
bient,
Barcelona
EUROPARC
Federation. (2007). "European
Charter for Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas", Internet: =
www.european-charter.org.
Access: 11 February 2011.
Fernández,
To. & Santos, And. L. (2010). "Tourism=
and
natural park in Andalucia after twenty years fr=
om his
statement. Statistical analysis, typology of parks and problematic of the
current situation". Annals of Geography 30 (1):
29-54.
Gerlach,
To. (2003) "Sustainable
entrepreneurship and innovation". Centre for Sustainability
Management, University of Lueneburg, Conference
Proceeding of Conference Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental
Management, Leeds.
Hart,
S. L. (2005). "Capitalism at t=
he
crossroads: the unlimited business opportunities in solving the world's most
difficult problems".=
Wharton
School Publishing, Philadelphia.
Hassan,
S. S. (2000). "Determinants of
market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism
industry". Journal of Travel Research, 38 (3):
239-245.
Hockerts, K. (2003). "Sustainability innovation: ecolo=
gical
and Social entrepreneurship and the managing of antagonistic assets". PhD Dissertation,
University of St. Gallen,
Schweiz.
IET - Institute of Tourist Studies. (2009). "Tourist movements in borders&= quot; (Frontur) and "tourist Movements of the Spaniards" (Familitur). Ministry of Indust= ry, Tourism and Trade, Madrid. <= o:p>
Law
4/1989 of Conservation of the Natural Spaces and of the Flora and Wild Faun=
a.
BOJA Number. 74, 28/3/1989. =
Nepal,
S. K. (2000). "Tourism in prot=
ected
areas". Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (3): 661-681.
OMT-
World-wide organisation of Tourism. (1980).
"Statement of Manila on the World-wide Tourism",
Manila
OMT.
(1989). "Statement of there Is it on tourism". There Is
it.
OMT.
(1993). "Tourism the year 2000 and beyond qualitative aspects",
Paris.
OMT.
(1995). "World-wide letter of Sustainable Tourism", World-wide
Conference of Sustainable Tourism, Lancelot.
Pastakia, =
To.
(1998). "Grassroots ecopreneur=
s:
change agents for To sustainable society".<=
/i>
Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (2): 157-173.
Poggi,
M.; Ferreira, M. & Ruschmann, D. (2006).
"Competitiveness and tourism sustentable. =
The
case of Waters of San Pedro (Saint Pablo, Brazil)". Studies and
Perspectives in Tourism, 15: 220-235.
Polishing,
J. I. (2008). "Active tourist management and economic development in t=
he
natural parks Andalusians. A proposal of review from the analysis of the po=
sitioning
of his current agents". Magazine of Regional Studies, 81: 171-203.
Prahalad,
C. K. (2004). "The fortune at =
the
bottom of the pyramid -eradicating poverty through profits". Wharton School
Publishing, Philadelphia.
Rivera,
Christian, Oviedo, Marcos and Galarza, Franscisco (2015, pag.
45,85). Vision and Planeación Turística;
responsibility 100% human.
Schaper,
M. (Ed.) (2005). "Making
ecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship". MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall
General
office of Tourism. (2004). "The tourism of nature in Spain and plan of
impulse. Studies of
Tourist Products", Ministry of
Industry and Trade, Madrid.
Shepherd,
D. To. & Patzelt, H. (2010). "The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: studying
entrepreneurial action linking «What is to be sustained» with «What is to be
developed»". Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 35 (1): 137-16=
3.
Steyaert, C. & Hjorth, D.
(2006). "Entrepreneurship Soci=
al ace
change. To third movement in entrepreneurship book". Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Toledano,
N. & Gessa, To.=
(2002).
"The rural tourism in the province of Huelva. An analysis of the new
initiatives created to the protect of the programs LEADER II And PRODER&quo=
t;. Magazine
of Rural Development and Cooperativismo Agricul=
tural,
6: 107-121.
Zahra,
S. To.; Filatotchev, I. & Wrigth, M. (2009)=
. "How do threshold firms sustain
corporate entrepreneurship? The role of boards and absorptive capacity"=
;.
Journal of Business Venturing. 24 (3): 248-260 Links ] Helvetica, sans-serif&quo=
t;
Para citar el
artículo indexado.
Rivera C.,
Izurieta M., Oviedo F. & Velasteguí E. (2018). Technical
agro industrial in the planning tourist. Revista electrónica Ciencia Digital
2(2018),
200-215. Recuperado desde: http://cienciadigital.org/revistacienciadigital2=
/index.php/CienciaDigital/article/view/83/77
El
artículo que se publica es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y no
necesariamente reflejan el pensamiento de la Revista Ciencia Digital.
El
articulo queda en propiedad de la revista y, por tanto, su publicación parc=
ial
y/o total en otro medio tiene que ser autorizado por el director de la Revista Ciencia Digital.