=
Programa de fitnes=
s de
combate y su efecto en la condición física
Klever Geovanny Lema Villalba.[1],
Ángel Aníbal Sailema Torres.[2], Betty Paulina Tobar
Lozada =
[3=
] &
Segundo Víctor Hernández del Salto.[4=
]
Recibido: 10-02-2019 / Revisado: 15-02-2019 /Acept=
ado:
04-03-2019/ Publicado: 14-06-2019
The physical condition is considered an important
aspect within the personal appearance, that's why this study proposes the
realization of a Fitness Combat program to analyze the physical condition of
participants who permanently attend the gym Skainos in the city of Ambato. =
The
population consisted of 61 participants, all male, for which a
qualitative-quantitative methodology was proposed, carried out through a
programmed work of combined exercises of personal defense, boxing and marti=
al
arts with the accompaniment of a musical sequence designed to enhance the
aerobic capacity of the people. The
program had a duration of 10 months; as for the analysis of the physical
condition the Cooper test was applied in two moments, before and after the
accomplishment of the program, the applied test had a duration of 12 minute=
s,
which verifies the distance crossed in the determined time. The results in =
the
physical condition after the application of the program, shows a significant
improvement in the study sample, with which there is an indisputable
improvement of the aerobic physical condition, including the recovery of
cardiorespiratory indicators thanks to the frequency, duration and intensit=
y of
exercise.
Resumen.
La
condición física es considerada un aspecto importante dentro de la aparienc=
ia
personal, es por eso que el presente estudio propone la realización de un
programa de Fitness de Combate para analizar la condición física de los
participantes que asisten permanentemente al gimnasio Skainos de la ciudad =
de
Ambato. La población estuvo conformada por 61 participantes todos de sexo m=
asculino,
para lo cual se propuso una metodología cuali-cuantitativa, realizada media=
nte
un trabajo programado de ejercicios combinados de defensa personal, boxeo y
artes marciales con el acompañamiento de una secuencia musical diseñada para
potenciar la capacidad aeróbica de las personas. El programa tuvo una duración de 10 mes=
es; en
cuanto al análisis de la condición física se aplicó el test de Cooper en dos
momentos, antes y después de la realización del programa, la prueba aplicada
tuvo una duración de 12 minutos, la cual verifica la distancia recorrida en=
el
tiempo determinado. Los resultados en la condición física tras la aplicación
del programa, evidencia una mejora significativa en la muestra de estudio, =
con
lo cual existe una mejora indiscutibles de la condición física aeróbica,
incluyendo la recuperación de indicadores cardiorrespiratorios gracias a la
frecuencia, duración e intensidad del ejercicio.
Palabras claves:
Condición física, fitness, combate, rutinas, análisis.
Introduction
The physical condition is
present in all human movement, the development of strength, endurance, spee=
d,
flexibility are qualities determined by genetic factors. The physical condi=
tion
has an intimate relation with the sport development, to verify its progress,
always taking into account some individual parameters of the person so that=
it
can face physical tasks with the maximum efficiency and performance, a rela=
tion
between physical activity, physical condition and self-concept (Guillamón,
2019), which implies individual qualities and will; in short the developmen=
t of
the physical condition depends on an adequate training and of the psycholog=
ical
capacities.
Delgado Floody N., (2015)
mentions that physical condition benefits to maintain an adequate weight an=
d enjoy
good health, increases the maximum consumption of oxygen depending on the
duration, intensity, and frequency of training. Before starting a physical
activity program, it is advisable to see your doctor for an assessment of y=
our
physical condition. At present, the general population is exposed to serious
obesity problems, giving priority to sedentary activities such as: excessive
use of the Internet, television, computer games; thus promoting lack of
exercise, considered as one of the major risk factors for heart disease and
problems, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and respiratory diseases (Prieto,
2018).
According to Fernandez M.,
(2001) expresses that the sport physical activity influences the maintenanc=
e of
the health, since the physical activity is at the disposal of whoever wishe=
s to
increase his physical state, at the same time he specifies that the classes=
of
physical education, present a scarce process to develop the physical condit=
ion,
which deserves a sport physical treatment to obtain the physical and
psycho-social benefits (Schwartzmann, 2018). The physical practice entails =
an
expenditure of energy putting the organism in movement at a corporal, psych=
ic
and emotional level (García, 2011, p. 6). With the above we can deduce that
there is a relationship in the field of physical and psychological conditio=
n,
where individual self-esteem helps to maintain physical condition, promotin=
g in
people security and autonomy, channeling energy better to focus on other
activities (Morilla Cabezas, 2001).
It is important to emphasi=
ze
that physical activity and a balanced diet favour health, improve endurance=
and
reduce the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases (Rodríguez, 2019).
Therefore, encouraging good habits in exercise routines allows you to impro=
ve
and/or maintain an appropriate physical condition, so proper practice with
fitness routines makes the difference in maintaining a good lifestyle.
In South America, combat
fitness appears officially in 2006, no doubt and with greater intensity tha=
n the
practice of aerobics, is based on short routines but that mean great effort,
this physical activity tones the muscles quickly, the time of each class is
approximately fifty minutes to an hour, intensity, coordination and posture=
is
very important to improve people's physical condition and personal health
(Hendry, 2018), the music that accompanies the class is motivating so that =
the
session is always intense and has an expectation of attention for the execu=
tion
of the movements, in short the fitness presents a set of gymnastic exercises
and activities that integrate the cardiorespiratory, hematocirculatory, and
psychoneurological system (Ortega, 2008).
In Ecuador, combat fitness appears in 2010, comes with a great impact as a sport of great intensity, w= here burning calories is more beneficial than in the practice of other sports, t= his aerobic activity combines techniques taken from different disciplines such = as boxing, karate, tae kwon do, Kick boxing, muay thai, among others. The daily practice increases every day more in the different cities of Ecuador by its great demand in gyms; its creator is Francisco Sanchez of the city of Quito, black belt in karate do, founder of the Samuari Fight, composed the music w= ith effects of blows for the accomplishment of the routines and exercises, the instructors have created some personalized systems of fitness of combat, th= ey are people who have knowledge of martial arts, they have their own music wi= th impacts of blows so that the practices are understandable and motivating. <= o:p>
Despite the increase in evidence in favor of a
physically inactive lifestyle, most of society remains sedentary, knowing t=
hat
its consequences are the proliferation of different diseases Quiñones, (201=
2,
p. 6). The statistics indicate that 50% of the adult society are physically
inactive, that is to say, they do not tend to practice physical exercises, =
30%
do not practice any type of physical activity in their free time, bearing in
mind that physical inactivity has unfavourable consequences for their healt=
h.
Faced with this problem, many international bodies of health and sport,
recommend physical activity, at least three times a week is recommended to
maintain good physical and mental fitness, it is recommended that at least =
30
minutes of physical activity to help oxygenate the brain, which contributes=
to
the improvement in the physical and psychic study (Mocha-Bonilla, et al.,
2018); progressively after a low-impact program, increase the intensity
according to personal progress, monitor the states in the sports form of the
subjects according to the load and training (Porras-Alvarez, 2019).
In the city of Ambato, the gym Skainos Gym propose=
s a
new alternative for the application of physical activity, which contributes=
to
maintain an optimal state of health, thanks to the large number of
participants, a need is born to implement schedules for the practice of com=
bat
fitness, whose consumption of calories when practicing this physical activi=
ty
plus an adequate diet is important to achieve a good physical condition. For
this reason, the study aims to analyze the physical condition of participan=
ts
who practice combat fitness.
Methodology
The modality was field because it required the
researcher to go to the place where the facts were developed and be able to
compile the information of the variables of the study, different techniques=
and
instruments of investigation were applied for the fulfillment of the proposed
objective.
Subjects: The study of the development of the physical
condition in the sport environment, directed in the different ages, has
verified that with its constant practice it obtains the acquisition of
abilities and capacities, by means of an adequate training; these physical
characteristics are developed of different form in each person, depending on
its age, sex, obtaining as result the improvement of the health. According =
to
this perspective, the sample was composed by 61 participants of Skainos Gym=
of
the city of Ambato, all of masculine sex, in age from 30 to 39 years.
Materials: For this research, we used Kenneth H Cooper's tes=
t,
which consists of assessing the aerobic physical condition of athletes in a
time of 12 minutes, which verifies the distance traveled (Garcia, 2011). A =
SONY
chronometer and the athletic track of Federación Deportiva de Tungurahua we=
re
used for the application of the test.
Protocol: Firstly, the participants of Skainos Gym from the
city of Ambato were socialized on the subject of Cooper's test, the place w=
here
the activity takes place, the time to be used, the route established in the
test, and the disciplinary rules of the practice. The tasks were directed to
the distribution in working groups of 20-21 people for each group both in t=
he
first and in the second shot.
Implementation of the programme.
Procedure
The combat fitness class consists of three fundame=
ntal
parts: the first part warms up, where the body is prearranged to perform
physical activity, the second part presents the development of the class, w=
here
the upper and lower extremities interfere, their elbows complements, knees =
that
help form the sequence for the choreography, and the third are the displace=
ment
in the four cardinal points, where the different methods are used maintaini=
ng
the sequence of an imaginary combat. The practice of fitness improves the t=
ime
of physical and mental reaction, teaches basic knowledge of self-defense, w=
ith
techniques of boxing strokes and different systems of martial arts.
The Combat Fitness is an aerobic training program =
that
seeks to improve physical condition by combining movements and positions of
martial arts techniques, the purpose of the practice is to tone the body, b=
urn
between 600 to 800 calories to the rhythm of music, in short is a discipline
that is inspired by various martial arts programs, whose purpose is not to
teach fighting, but whoever practices it discharges energy with blows and k=
icks
into the air without any contact, thus benefiting physical and mental healt=
h.
The baby class is simple, orderly, understanding,
intense, entertaining and above all fun, each session begins with a warm up=
of
the joint movements, gradually incorporating boxing techniques, while the
session advances increases kicks, blows and movements, all this prior to the
indication of the instructor who has programmed the choreography and music,
which is a fundamental factor in the practice of this discipline. The themes are adapted with sound effec=
ts for
the execution of blows and kicks, generating adrenaline and enthusiasm.
Understood in the matter they recommend that the music has of 130 to 150 rp=
m,
nevertheless, exists themes with an rpm of 170 to 180, used in a class for
people with suitable physical condition by its rapidity in the execution of=
the
different blows. Its application depends largely on the instructor and the =
way
to assemble the choreography, emphasizes a simple technique for initial
learning, taking into account that many of the participants do not have
knowledge of martial arts, the movements should be easy to perform so that
everyone is motivated captivating this way the participation of all, also t=
he
sessions consist of the work of laterality, ie the first part of the practi=
ce
is done in the position of hand and left foot, for later the second part to=
do
with the guard foot and right hand. The teaching method is visual and verba=
l,
the visual instructions are the first that the group captures by default, l=
ook
and try to make the same movements as the instructor, the same one that must
have a correct execution technique, depends on the preparation and good
technical foundations so that the rest imitates the movements and avoid
possible injuries. The verbal is a complement of the visual instruction; you
must have a good balance between the two to achieve a proper technical proc=
ess
in practice. The primary objective of a combat fitness class is the trainin=
g of
cardiovascular and muscular endurance through the combination of elementary
boxing movements and the different techniques of martial arts, producing
benefits physically, psychologically and emotionally. The program lasted 10
months.
Data analysis: In the analysis of the research, bibliographic
sources of different scientific articles were used, as well as Kenneth H
Cooper's test, which was applied in the study, with the fundamental purpose=
of
comparing, comparing and analyzing the results obtained. The numerical valu=
es
obtained in the application tests facilitated the interpretation of each of=
the
results obtained.
Results.
The data were
analyzed based on the distance traveled (meters) during the established tim=
e.
Table 1. Refer=
ence
scale for assessing physical condition using the Cooper test.=
|
AGE OF MEN |
|
LEVEL |
13-19 |
20-29 |
30-39 |
40-49 |
50-59 |
|
VERY BA=
D |
<210=
0 |
<195=
0 |
<190=
0 |
<185=
0 |
<165=
0 |
|
MALA |
2100 22=
00 |
1950 24=
00 |
1900 21=
00 |
1850 20=
00 |
1650 18=
50 |
|
REGULAR=
|
2200 25=
00 |
2400 26=
50 |
2100 23=
50 |
2000 22=
50 |
1850 21=
00 |
|
GOOD |
2500 27=
50 |
2650 28=
50 |
2350 25=
00 |
2250 25=
00 |
2100 23=
00 |
|
VERY GO=
OD |
2750 30=
00 |
2850 28=
50 |
2500 27=
00 |
2500 26=
50 |
2300 25=
50 |
|
EXCELLE=
NT |
>300=
0 |
>285=
0 |
>270=
0 |
>265=
0 |
>255=
0 |
Source: Prepared by the authors.
The data obtained in the accomplishment of the Cooper test, is
determined by the valuation that is given to each participant in dependence=
of
his physical state, thus we have the following scale: very bad, bad, medium,
good, very good, excellent. These data established by investigations already
carried out, allow us to give the respective statistical values, where it w=
as
possible to discover percentages in the two takes, before and after the
application of the Fitness program. Figure 1 shows an average value of 1812=
m
in the first shot of the participants of the study, which gives a bad to
regular appreciation.
Figure
1. Data from the first evaluation
Source: Prepared by the authors=
.
Figure 2. Data from the second evaluation<= o:p>
Source: Prepared by the authors=
.
In figure 2, it is possible to appreciate the average results obtain=
ed
in the second shot in the study sample; it has been verified that there is =
a significant
improvement in the physical condition of the participants, thanks to the
physical work carried out, where it is clearly possible to confirm that the
practice of combat fitness notably improves the physical condition, since in
the second shot, after 10 months, the average value was 2425 m in the
participants, which gives a good valuation.
Conclusions.
Satisfactorily it can be concluded that the sport physical practice =
of
combat fitness helps significantly to improve the physical condition, howev=
er
it is necessary to make a proper planning in a personalized and dosed manne=
r,
according to the chronological age and gender of the person, factors with w=
hich
you can design an exercise program in a personalized way, being indispensab=
le
an adequate medical checkup.
The intensity and time of the program are aimed at improving the hea=
lth
and well-being of people who practice combat fitness; in short, there is
scientific evidence that has shown that there are indisputable improvements=
in
aerobic fitness, including the recovery of cardiorespiratory indicators and
metabolism in the human body. Ther=
efore,
the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise is a fundamental factor f=
or
the improvement of aerobic capacity in people.
After an analysis for the development of the physical condition, it =
can
be argued that there are different methods and tests to assess physical
condition, which opens the possibility of incorporating new lines of resear=
ch
from this study.
There are different proposals to improve the physical condition, the
important thing is to plan and to consolidate, so that the proposed objecti=
ves
can be verified and refuted each one of their stages. It is possible to
corroborate the satisfactory effect of the results obtained in the applied
sample.
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Garcia, G. (2011). Relacion entre autoconcepto y condic=
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Garcia, J. (2011). Condicion fisica relacionada con =
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=
PARA CITAR EL ARTÍCULO INDEXADO.
Lema Villalba Klever Geovanny, Sailema Torres Ángel Aníbal, Tobar Lo=
zada
Betty Paulina & Hernández del Salto Segundo Víctor. (2019). Combat fitness program and its effect on
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Ciencia Digital 3(2), 78-97. Recuperado desde: http://cienciadigital.org/revistacienciadigital2/index.php/CienciaDigi=
tal/article/view/263/567
El artículo que se
publica es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y no necesariamente
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sta
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artículo queda en propiedad de la revista y, por tanto, su publicación parc=
ial
y/o total en otro medio tiene que ser autorizado por el director de la Revista Ciencia Digital.
[1] Unive=
rsidad
Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación, Maestría=
en
Gestión y Administración Deportiva. Ambato, Ecuador. klema3157@uta.edu.ec
[2] Unive=
rsidad
Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación, Carrera =
de
Cultura Física-Pedagogía de la Actividad física y Deporte. Ambato, Ecuador.=
aa.sailema@uta.edu.ec
[3] Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación, Maestría en Gestión y Administración Deportiva. Ambato, Ecuador. bet= ipautobar@hotmail.com
[4] Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación, Carrera = de Cultura Física. Ambato, Ecuador. vhernandez@uta.edu.ec
www.cienciadigital.org =
Vol.
3, N°2.5, p. 176-185, abril - junio, 2019