Impacto de la Formación
Humanística en el Futuro Profesional del Turismo
Jorge Tanyara Sánchez. [1], Bisleivys Jiménez Valero. [2], Caridad Alina Jorge Alí.[3]
& Efrain Velastegui Lopez.[4]
Recibido:
14-08-2021 / Revisado: 24-08-2021 /Aceptado: 11-09-2021/ Publicado: 05-10-2=
021
In the Cuban university context, an essential goal=
is
to guarantee an education, which propitiates the development of the knowled=
ge,
abilities, capacities and values that contribute to the technological
scientific achievements implementation, in order to apply them at social
scale. This human development is not just an objective from university, it =
also
responds to one of the 2030 Agenda, where the equity and the social justice=
should
be enhanced. It´s necessary to foment the sustainable development guarantee=
ing
an economic, ecological and sociocultural balance achieving the territorial
autonomy, where the tourism plays a main role. Thats why, the main goal of=
the
scientific research is to demonstrate the impact of humanistic training in =
the
development of the tourism career for the achievement of sustainable econom=
ic
and social development. It was used theoretical methods such as: the
analytic-synthetic one, induction-deduction and historical-logical one. It =
was
also used empiric methods such as: the analysis and documental revision, the
search, selection of information and the observation. As result, it is obta=
ined
methodological preparation actions for Tourism career professors, in order
they can guarantee a graduate able to apply sustainable management.
En el contexto de la universi=
dad
cubana, un objetivo es garantizar una educación que propicie el desarrollo =
del
conocimiento, habilidades, capacidades y valores que contribuyan a la
implementación de los resultados científicos tecnológicos, a escala social.
Este desarrollo humano no es solo objetivo de la universidad, responde a un=
o de
la Agenda 2030, donde la equidad y la justicia social deben ser potenciadas=
. Se
hace necesario fomentar un desarrollo sostenible garantizando un equilibrio
económico, medioambiental y sociocultural, una adecuada autonomía territori=
al,
en ello el turismo juega un rol fundamental.
Se declara como objetivo de la investigación científica: demostrar el
impacto de la formación humanística en el graduado de la carrera de turismo
para el logro del desarrollo económico y social sostenible. Se emplearon de=
los
métodos teóricos el analítico-sintético, inducción-deducción; histórico-lógic=
o y
de los métodos empíricos el análisis y revisión documental, la búsqueda, selección de información,=
y
la observación. Se obtiene=
como
resultado acciones de preparación metodológica a egresados que se desempeńan
como profesores de la carrera de Turismo para que garanticen un egresado ca=
paz
de aplicar una gestión sostenible.
Palabras claves: impacto de la formación
humanística, agenda 2030 de desarrollo sostenible, formación docente
metodológica, disciplinas de la carrera de turismo.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) arise in
response to unethical human and environmental relationships, and to face th=
em,
their main premises are projected. Sustainable development includes unlimit=
ed
economic growth, social well-being increase and =
the
educational, health and social benefits improvement. The model opposes grow=
th
based only on economic indicators, because unlimited economic activity does=
not
lead to welfare nor at the present either in the future.
Therefore, sustainable development is a goal to ta=
ke
into account for designing any economic and social policy without renouncin=
g,
the economic progress in balance with social and ecological premises. Throu=
gh a
policy which, contain regulatory standards, it must be established the
mechanisms to achieve economic growth avoiding inflationary risks.
To protect the environment, growth must be planned
harmoniously and balanced. This idea, must become a philosophy where econom=
ic
growth is combined with a rational use of available resources and guarantee=
the
human development; in order to provide decent jobs, to guarantees a health
system, education and other benefits, prioritizing vulnerable sectors such =
as
children, women, indian population, without race, gender distinction and se=
xual
orientation.
In the specific case of tourism, the rationalizati=
on
of the natural resources, which are susceptible to extinction due to their
misuse and exploitation, are not excluded. To protect them, it must be
incorporated the 17 goals of the 2030 Agenda into the development planning =
and
management policies, of which, the 82% enhance human development.
In Cuba, it was created the 2030 Economic and Soci=
al
Development National Plan (PNDES2030), where it was established the actions=
to
implement the 2030 Agenda goals, which are represented by 60% in the Econom=
ic
and Social Policy Guidelines of the country, making to human development on=
e of
the strategic axes to act in accordance with this plan.
Regarding to the designed actions, Higher Educatio=
n in
Cuba is subject to the transformations and requirements previously exposed.
That is why it has designed new study plans, which propose changes to ensure
the desired quality levels in the training process of future professionals =
and
to contribute to the main professional problems resolution represented in t=
he
PNDES 2030 strategic axes and where it is established that tourism is one of
the nation strategic sectors.
Under the current conditions, the students trainin=
g of
tourism career in Cuba demonstrate the willingness to insert themselves and
meet their environment needs, the new international market and respond to t=
he
UN call for transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. For this reason, it is opportune, for universities, to develop=
a
strategy that gives vital importance to the professional performance able to
interpret and assimilate the management techniques in different activities;
with an integral conception, be holder of values and knowledge and professi=
onal
skills possessor, that means, be a professional able of knowing, knowing ho=
w to
do and knowing how to be, according the following action modes:
-To apply consistently the processes and projects
approaches for the analytical decomposition of any professional problem that
he/she faces and encourage its solution.
-To guarantee efficiency and excellence in solving
professional problems.
Some problems, detected during the development of =
this
scientific research are, that the sustainability, as strategy, is not seen =
by
highest possible levels of actors as a way to contribute to the national and
local economy, in order to acquire high satisfaction in all of tourism
stakeholders (visitors, territorial business enterprises, local and national
government organizations, and the local population). The tourism resources
which contain and preserve the main natural, cultural, historical and social
resources; are not identified. Being this management a method to reduce the
negative impacts of tourism. The management of tourism activities systems m=
ust
be focused in increasing efficiency through innovation and continuous quali=
ty
improvement.
Taking into account the above ideas, the main
investigation goal is to demonstrate the impact of the humanistic training =
on
the tourism career graduate to contribute to the sustainable economic and
social development.
For this, theoretical methods such as
analytical-synthetic, induction-deduction; historical-logical, were applied=
, as
well as empirical methods such as analysis and documentary review, the sear=
ch
and selection of information, and the observation of different actors and
managers of the industry human capital to obtain information related to
sustainable development behaviors and skills on the tourism career professi=
onal
graduate. In addition, they were applied the observation of pre-professional
training developed by the undergraduate student, as well as the work
experiences demonstrated by the tourism career graduates, the systematized
information about tourism professional performance endorsements at the tour=
ism
companies. Also, the official documents of the Higher Education Ministry (M=
ES)
were fundamentally analyzed as a Professional Model, Study Plan and its
disciplines as well as the Teaching and Methodological Work Regulation.
To sustainable management, human development is the main objective of
growth. In the UN development program, it is proposed that development must=
be
human-centered and economic development, social development and environment=
al
protection are interdependent components of sustainable development. (UN, 1=
997:
14) And it is based on three pillars: development, sustainability and social
participation.
Then, it must guarantee:
ˇ
support and
solidarity worldwide taking into account that the called third world countr=
ies
cannot solve environmental problems by themselves.
ˇ
a well-being th=
at
contributes to improving the personal and social life conditions.
ˇ
human developme=
nt
that facilitate social integration.
According to the UN, 1997; h=
uman
development is
"The process of widening peoples ch=
oice
and the level of well-being they achieve are the core of the notion of human
development. Such choice are neither finite nor
static. But regardless of the level of development, the three essential cho=
ices
for people are to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to
have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living. Human
development does not end there, however. Other choices highly valued by many
people, range from political, economic and social freedom to opportunities =
for
being creative and productive and enjoying self-respect and guaranteed human
rights. pp13
In Cuba, regarding of human development for sustainable management, =
the
education system has been perfected at the national level, and the Universi=
ty
has been given a definitive role, not only in the training of new generatio=
ns;
also in post-graduate training, with courses, in the science development and
its application in the local development. Between the different specialties=
, in
the training of tourism professionals, the fulfillment of the country's
economic development objectives has been important, because it is not possi=
ble
to offer quality services without training of human capital.
The main goal of the tourism career is to train a professional with
comprehensive preparation, of great revolutionary sensitivity and high valu=
es
of humanism and solidarity, who provide awareness skills and
empathy with the environment, which allow them to manage excellent, effecti=
ve
and efficient services. Accepting the meaning of managing how to carry out
studies and procedures to achieve an objective, it can be said that this
professional is prepared, on the one hand, as a manager in tourism and trav=
el
activities and in hospitality activities, on the other, in order to attend =
the
essential career content.
Tourism has a transdisciplinary character, with a horizontal and
integrated vision of the sciences that are applied. For this reason, the ca=
reer
Study Plan emphasizes objectives and contents designed for its application =
in
the elements of the tourism product: travel, destinations and hospitality
companies.
For this, Plan E has been structured through the disciplines that
organize the knowledge system, they are:
ˇ
The Integrator =
of
the profession
ˇ
Tourist resourc=
es
ˇ
Tourism and Tra=
vel
ˇ
Hospitality
Companies
ˇ
Applied Mathema=
tics
and Informatics
ˇ
Marxism-Leninis=
m
ˇ&nb=
sp;
Defense Trainin=
g
Integ=
rative
Discipline: it is the most import=
ant
because it is the one that integrates the knowledge that students receive
during the career. It is framed within the established requirements, to be
considered as the exercise of the profession, and provides the graduate wit=
h a
system of knowledge, habits and skills that support their comprehensive
training and enables them to solve professional problems in their field of
action, face the conflicts that emerge from working and propose solutions a=
nd
strategic improvements in favor of the company and its stakeholders.
Through all its subjects and investigative work practice, the discip=
line
contributes to the development of capacities related to practical scientific
work and to making innovative decisions to manage and face practical situat=
ions
that arise in the work environment and daily life.
Table 1
Disci=
pline
Subjects
|
The Integrator of the profession |
Total hours |
|
|
1 |
DIP 1: Premises, Organization and Practice Tourism |
72 |
|
2 |
DIP 2 The Hospitality Process |
60 |
|
3 |
DIP 3
Scientific Research in Tourism |
30 |
|
5 |
DIP 4 Tourism Modalities |
45 |
|
4 |
DIP 5 Familiarization Practice |
160 |
|
6 |
DIP 6 GRIT Practice |
80 |
|
7 |
DIP 7 Tourism Ventures |
30 |
|
8 |
DIP 8 Enterprises Management |
600 |
|
Totals |
1077 |
Touri=
sm
Resources Discipline:
includes essential topics about the tourist resources knowledge that make t=
he
Cuban product up. Indispensable contents are addressed for understanding the
tourist phenomenon from geography and the environment, universal history and
the history of tourism in Cuba perspective. These contents allow the studen=
t to
modify their way of appreciating the natural historical heritage, to unders=
tand
the origins of the territorial tourist attraction in order to promote the
development of sustainable tourism. The knowledge provided by the discipline
allows to complement those structured in the Integrative and Tourism and Tr=
avel
disciplines, by introducing basic concepts to understand theoretical,
methodological and practically the objective bases on which tourism is
developed. It provides to the student with the theoretical foundations to m=
ake
them aware of the rational use of resources and the conservation of natural=
and
cultural heritage.
Table 2
Disci=
pline
Subjects
|
Tou=
rism
Resources Discipline |
Total<=
span
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-MX'> hours |
|
|
1 |
Universal History Panorama |
45 |
|
2 |
Cuba History |
52 |
|
3 |
Tourist Geography and Nature Heritage |
65 |
|
4 |
Cultural Heritage |
52 |
|
5 |
Tourism History in Cuba |
30 |
|
Totals |
244 |
Touri=
sm
and Travel Discipline: cov=
ers
the study of two of the three types of tourism products: travel tourism
products and territorial tourism products. In charge of providing communica=
tion
and information management techniques, vital for the development of travel =
and
tourism; the essential knowledge about destination management, and the
principles and actions of the commercialization process, which allows the
tourist flow from to Cuba destination.
It is a discipline that complements the acquisition of knowledge in =
an
integrated manner and addresses essential elements in the mode of tourism
operation, through mastering the necessary fundamentals, to ensure efficient
management of tourism activity at all levels of travel tourism products.
Table 3
Disci=
pline
Subjects
|
Disciplina Turismo y Viajes |
Total<=
span
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-MX'> hours |
|
| 1 |
Communication Process |
30<= o:p> |
|
2 |
Information Resources Management in Tourism (GRIT) |
26<= o:p> |
| 3 |
Tourist Destination Management |
30<= o:p> |
| 4 |
Economy |
20<= o:p> |
| 5 |
Marketing |
60<= o:p> |
| 6 |
Tourism Rights |
20<= o:p> |
| 7 |
Tourism Transport Management |
39<= o:p> |
| 8 |
Travel Agency Management |
40<= o:p> |
| 9 |
Guide Techniques |
40<= o:p> |
|
Totals |
305 |
Hospi=
tality
Companies Discipline:
provides a system of knowledge, methods, techniques that can be used in the
execution of functions related to management in the different functional ar=
eas
of hospitality organizations and companies, providing the graduate the
theoretical - practical preparation and an understanding of the need to app=
ly
these techniques in solving problems in mentioned entities, to achieve qual=
ity
and excellence in business management.
Table 4
Disci=
pline
Subjects
|
Hospitality Companies Discipline |
Total hours |
|
|
1 |
Strategy and Management |
65 |
| 2 |
Accounting |
60 |
| 3 |
Human Resource Management |
40 |
|
4 |
Quality Management |
20 |
| 5 |
Project Management |
39 |
| 6 |
Accommodation Management |
78 |
| 7 |
Restaurants Management |
65 |
| 8 |
Products Commercialization |
40 |
| 9 |
Leisure and Recreation Management |
50 |
|
Totals |
457 |
Marxi=
sm
and History Discipline: all=
ows
to understand and value the theoretical assumptions of Marxism for the
contemporary socio-political, economic, ideological and cultural
transformation, with emphasis on the Cuban reality, therefore, it has a gen=
eral
cognitive role to apply it in the objectives of tourism development, as wel=
l as
strengthening the ideological understanding of the revolutionary principles=
of
the nation.
Table 5
Disci=
pline
Subjects
|
Mar=
xism
and History Discipline |
Total Hours |
|
|
1 |
Philosophy and Society |
48 |
|
2 |
Politic Economic I |
45 |
|
3 |
Politic Economic II |
30 |
|
4 |
Sociopolitical Theory |
39 |
|
Totals |
162=
|
Defen=
se
Training Discipline:
promotes preparation for the safeguarding of heritage and the defense of the
principles that govern the political, economic and social system of the
country. It encourages the creation of ethical and moral values
that support the revolutionary guidelines of the nation. In
connection with the mentioned disciplines, they train the integral professi=
onal
for the defense of the Cuban revolution.
Table 6
Disci=
pline
Subjects
|
Defense Training Discipline |
Total Hours |
|
|
1 |
Nacional Safety |
40 |
|
2 |
Nacional Defense |
30 |
|
Totals |
70 |
Therefore, the disciplines promote the improvement, education and hu=
man development
of the tourism professional; through an organized methodological work that
allows the preparation of teachers to integrate knowledge based on the prof=
ile
of the 21st century student, and the reinforcement of their ethical and mor=
al
values, taking into account the development objectives of the local tourism
sector and the objectives of sustainable economic and social development of=
the
country.
It is responsibility of those who are in charge of the disciplines to
prepare professors to teach each content through the subjects, to ensure an
adequate organization of the content that enables the fulfillment of the
objectives and skills, avoiding repetition of subjects between different
disciplines. All of that, should promote the intra, inter and transdiscipli=
nary
development that allows the success of the career objectives, achieving the
main role of students in the educational teaching process, as well as the
information technologies and communications use, in order to analyze the
application results of the discipline program and to measures the sustainab=
le
development training of the future professional in the tourism sector, to
assume social and ethical responsibilities, ensure equal empowerment and
specialization through education.
Train and develop skills in students according to the rigor and
excellence of the sector, provide the tourism industry with human potential=
in
according to the science and technology development, and provide them attit=
udes
and values that allow them to know how to be and know how to =
do.
Help them to create awareness of the need to manage and develop researches =
that
contribute to solve the sector scientific problems, promoting sustainable
tourism development from its fundamental premises: efficient economic
management, environmental management, and sociocultural management.
Through studies of how climate change affects tourist seasons, how to
reduce the energy and drinking water levels consumption by accommodation,
leisure and restaurant companies, how to design internal policies in an
organization that favor gender equality, social inclusion, human and
professional improvement, how to implement a strategy for the evaluation,
external certification and improvements of sustainability in the organizati=
ons
management, according to the 2030 agenda.
On the career, it is nowadays working on sustainable development
empowerment, from the teacher preparation due to the existence of
inefficiencies for developing the knowledge and skills for sustainable
management and its implementation in the sector by the teachers of the tour=
ism
department. Where approximately 63% of all teachers are recent graduates wi=
th
little experience in teaching-methodological work.
Therefore, for the teacher training and preparation, a methodological
work system has been internally organized in order to be prepared to fulfill
their role in the professional and comprehensive improvement of the tourism
student. For this, they were taken into account the provisions of the
Constitution of the Republic of Cuba on sustainable development and the Life
Task for confronting climate change. And aiming to the deficiencies that the
different companies of the Tourism Ministry (MINTUR) present regarding that,
the following methodological teaching activities were designed, contained in
the Methodological Teaching Work Regulations, based on the creation of skil=
ls
in the teacher to impart the contents of the disciplines promoting sustaina=
ble
tourism development.
The methodological teaching meeting has been designed twice a year, =
one
each teaching period in order to facilitate the analysis, debate and
decision-making about issues related to the educational teaching process for
its better development, and the analysis of the essential contents based on=
the
disciplines guiding role and their guidelines in terms to provide feedback =
and
decide according to the educational teaching process for its optimal
development in this case, in favor of the management of the SDGs and PNDES =
2030
and their implementation by teachers in each of the disciplines. Both meeti=
ngs
are led by the head of the department and the head of methodological teachi=
ng
work.
Three methodological classes have been designed, with a quarterly pe=
riod
to guide and instruct methodologically the teachers and favor their prepara=
tion
for the development of the educational teaching process, on the contents of=
the
disciplines subjects that respond to the progress of skills and values
from the instruction for a sustainable management, on the
elaboration and fulfillment of the educational teaching process objectives,=
the
support of values through classes and work training, depending
not only on the contents of the disciplines and subjects but also on the
problem declared by the tourist company.
Two open classes have been structured to guide teachers on the
development and fulfillment of the class objectives, about the use of the <=
span
class=3DGramE>classes contents and from the instruction how to compl=
y with
the orientations and disciplines objectives.
Five certification classes were designed, in correspondence with the
number of recently graduated teachers, to verify their preparation and
compliance with what was demonstrated in previous activities and to promote=
the
improvement of the methodological teaching work of the teachers, demonstrat=
ing
the appropriate method for instructing from the content in connection with =
the
objectives of the 2030 Agenda.
Two methodological teaching workshops have been developed, according=
to
the methodological teaching meetings. In order to debate the related
experiences and the results obtained in the teaching process as well as in =
the
visits to the students' work trainings. Taking into account, the implementa=
tion
of the actions previously exposed and to listen to suggestions of new
activities that they feel are necessary for their training that could allow=
the
achievement of training a student according to the desired model and the
demands of the tourism company. In addition, deficiencies of the previous
period are discussed and new actions are proposed and alternatives to perfe=
ct
it.
Also, two Sustainable Management in Tourism courses were designed, o=
ne
of them theoretical and the other about training where graduates, teachers,
workers from government and private sector, have the possibility of learning
and deepening not only since the theory but also in practice on this manage=
ment
model. A Diploma on Tourism Management was designed. A hard job is being do=
ne
on the development of a Sustainable Management Project that will contribute
with new actions to develop a sustainable culture in the Matanzas province
tourism sector, all of that due to its importance in the country's tourism
development.
The Tourism career also works in coordination with the tourism
companies, through the combination of pre-professional training and the
development of teaching and scientific research activities in different work
settings. Where, the students perform and carry out research, data collecti=
on
and interviews with different actors of the tourist activity, in order to
contribute to the transformation of the sector in correspondence with the n=
ew
trends in the international market.
It prepares the undergraduate student to assume responsibilities as
process managers such as commercial, marketing and sales managers, responsi=
ble
for corporate image and destinations, communication managers, promoters and=
heritage
interpreters, coordinators and managers of travels and service packages
tourism, evaluators of administrative and environmental quality, and so for=
th.
Therefore, to assume such as roles, it is necessary to have a vocati=
on
and correct training in higher education centers; not only to acquire skill=
s,
abilities and techniques of each profession, but also to respond to certain
tourist activity situations in a sustainable way and transmit the company's
moral and ethical values in each of the responsibilities, in order to build=
a
competent solidarity and spiritual environment and professional
self-realization.
The human attitude represented by the contents of each of the
disciplines described in the students of the tourism career, allows them,
during their pre-professional practice exercise or once they have graduated
from higher education;
ˇ =
the
attention skills to understand a guest's main need, understand what it is
trying to express, find common interest, reach agreements and negotiate;
ˇ =
to
promotes the acquisition of interaction and social skills to thank, exchange
interests, approach new guests, get experience from them, join business gro=
ups
easily, be adaptive to the changes, correct mistakes, have the capacity for
conviction and assertiveness;
ˇ =
awakens
feelings to others in the future professional, which favors understanding a=
nd
empathy about possible difficulties faced by a certain visitor or the compa=
nies
themselves, fosters concern and motivates the proposal of solutions;
ˇ =
genera=
tes
agility to combat aggressive action through teamwork, the expression of new
ideas with respect to experience co-workers, through control of their
individual character and the resolution of unforeseen events in a peaceful =
and
strategic manner;
ˇ =
encour=
ages
communication in order to support and ally diplomatically and peacefully wi=
th
the main competitors without resentment, have their own flexible and safe
decision for the common good, the company and the stakeholders, think before
communicating an idea;
ˇ =
Help in
the strategic planning process by analyzing the causes of a certain problem=
, by
focusing on the essential objectives of the corporation, which provide
economic, social and environmental satisfaction, through the search of upda=
ted
information;
ˇ
develo=
ps
the capacity for leadership and emotional intelligence in the student or
graduate, and a transmitter and defender of the culture, traditions and
idiosyncrasies.
The practice of humanistic training and soft skills is important sin=
ce
it avoids the formation of simple and closed points of view, expands the hu=
man
mind towards its own personal improvement and expansion of capacities in fa=
vor
of environmental conservation, human development; and therefore, the econom=
ic
and social development of the nation.
ˇ =
The
development of methodological teaching activities allowed to deepen the
preparation of graduates who work as teachers in the Tourism Bachelor caree=
r,
in order they are able to adequately train the tourism professional, provid=
ing
them with a system of knowledge, skills, values that they are transformed i=
nto
attitudes and qualities that make it possible to redirect work in the touri=
sm
sector towards sustainable management.
ˇ =
The
methodological training of the Tourism Bachelor disciplines, promote the
improvement, education and human development of the future professional; th=
ey
reinforce their ethical and moral values, taking into account the developme=
nt
strategies of the local tourism sector and the economic and social developm=
ent
objectives of the country.
ˇ
The
practice of a humanistic training at the university favors the improvement =
of
skills, values, capacities for an adequate management of the knowledge of t=
he
graduates and in its implementation in the modes of action in the company,
providing them with habits for knowledge management, the search for solutio=
ns
from science to the problems that arise by offering solutions, contributing=
to
sustainable management in the development of tourism with performances in f=
avor
of environmental conservation, human development; and therefore, the econom=
ic
and social development of the nation.
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PARA
CITAR EL ARTÍCULO INDEXADO.
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",se=
rif'>Tanyara
Sánchez, J., Jiménez Valero, B., Caridad Alina, J. A., & Velastegui
El artículo que se publica es de
exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y no necesariamente reflejan el
pensamiento de la Revista Ciencia
Digital.
El artículo qu=
eda
en propiedad de la revista y, por tanto, su publicación parcial y/o total en
otro medio tiene que ser autorizado por el director de la Revista Ciencia Digital.
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[2] Prof. Titular d=
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Departamento de Turismo de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales de la
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/a>. Código Postal:
40100. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-=
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