Impact of Hollywood
movies in the expansion of English as global language.
Edison Gerar=
do
Llerena Medina.
The Americans
films are not only viewed in the United States, but they are massively view=
ed
all around the world, and the audience for Hollywood movies have increased
greatly. Most of the films go smoothly into viewers because of their attrac=
tive
storytelling. This phenomenon has
contributed powerfully to the expansion of the American Culture, turning it
into a more relevant source to spread out the language through
out the world. A film is seen as a medium that reaches a huge amount=
of
audience with the same message, in that way, films have the ability of
capturing imagination, and developing creativity, because movies contain mo=
tion
pictures and sound.
On the other h=
and,
America is the super power in the world, then its major goal is to imperial=
ize
the world again by using a soft tool like the films, which transfer American
values and customs indirectly as well as the language. The promotion of the
American culture through Hollywood movies may make other social groups deci=
de
whether to fear or favor the promise of Americanization and a globalized
planet.
Keywords=
:
Hollywood movies, communication, gl=
obal
language, culture
Las películas Americanas n=
o solo
se ven en los Estados Unidos, sino que se ven masivamente en todo el mundo,=
y
la audiencia de las películas de Hollywood ha aumentado enormemente. La may=
oría
de las películas se transmiten sin problemas a los espectadores debido a su
atractiva narración de historias. Este fenómeno ha contribuido poderosament=
e a
la expansión de la cultura estadounidense, convirtiéndola en una fuente más
relevante para difundir el idioma en todo el mundo. Una película se ve como=
un
medio que llega a una gran cantidad de público con el mismo mensaje, de esa
manera, las películas tienen la capacidad de capturar la imaginación y
desarrollar la creatividad, ya que las películas contienen imágenes en
movimiento y sonido.
Por otro lad=
o,
Los Estados Unidos de America son considerados =
como
la superpotencia del mundo, entonces su principal objetivo es volver a imperializar el mundo mediante el uso de una herramie=
nta
suave y sencilla como las películas, que transfieren los valores y las
costumbres estadounidenses indirectamente, así como el lenguaje. La promoci=
ón
de la cultura estadounidense a través de las películas de Hollywood puede h=
acer
que otros grupos sociales decidan si temer o favorecer la promesa de
americanización y un planeta globalizado.
Palabras Claves:
Hollywood movies, communication, global language,
culture
Introducción
.
The present pa=
per
aims to analyze relevant aspects related to the cinema through its history =
and
the influence of English language over Hollywood movies. English language h=
as
become a powerful tool regarding to direct actions of people remarks (Maisuwong, 2012:1). This fact about cinema is an art.
Consequently, the cinemathography word emerged from English which means
movements of objects related to expose and face to the audience. In addition, the cinemathography word=
is
related to real or subjective even=
ts
which attract the eyes and ears of=
the
audience, the performance of actors and actress by demonstrating the=
ir
hard working, talent and capacity in a memorable manner. According to Chandra (2015:16), American =
films
have brought the audience a critical culture, values, political messages
regarding to freedom of expression and lifestyle through the use of English
language.
The accent of
voice in the cinema plays an important role in the impression of the audien=
ce
due to the fact that the accent of voice produces particular effects such as
the pronunciation and intonation to meet the message. According to G =
2;uszek
& Steffens (2012:14), the pronunciation and intonation are of relevant
importance because the message could be misunderstood if it does not use the
correct pronunciation and intonation.
Jenkins (2009:2) states the case of Polish people, in which stereoty=
pes
can be given to people from different linguistic conditions.
The entertainm=
ent
has been an important sector, where new technologies have altered the natur=
e of
home and public entertainment. How=
ever,
its increase becomes the most powerful tool to transmit communication world=
wide.
Consequently, it has been replaced for new objects, artifacts, new engines =
to
manipulate without the assistance of human being. On the other hand, the
English language has done certain fresh directions for the development of t=
his
language due to the descriptions, transcriptions and translations made on t=
he
films. Crystal, (2003:98) argues th=
at the
incidence of technology in todays world has altered the lifestyle at home =
but
also has influenced in the entertainment settings due to the fact that it h=
as
given another distinction to the way of communicating and transmitting the
message to fellows during last decades.
During last times, Films became a reflection in the
society regarding to the present and past time events. Furthermore, the eve=
nts
occurred in the past have constituted to create awareness on facts that have
happened along the history and on the events, that are happening daily. Shah (2011:34) emphasizes on the importance of movie as part of a=
rt,
in which actors and actresses recreate situations, events occurred in the p=
ast
and in the present to express their feelings, emotions and desires freely.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Additionally, these facts make people r=
eflect
on certain behaviors of human being. For
instance, principles such as respect, honesty, and responsibility clear rule
people to live harmoniously in the society.
Since the 1920s, the technology was introduced in
movies which have created great importance due to the sounds of the English
language. The sounds have created
dominance in the language and the language suddenly came to dominate the mo=
vie
world. Crystal (2003:98) defines the
importance of this art. Since the beginning of cinema, technology was
introduced to feature the sound effects of movies. Moreover, English langua=
ge
and its expansion have contributed in the increased number of annual
productions of series addressed to huge audiences. English has become a huge impetus in the
industry of films making of Hollywood movies a success worldwide.
Furthermore, t=
he
achieved importance in the Hollywood art is enormous due to the fact that
during the history of movies, there has not been another language besides
English that had reached the impact on Hollywood movies up until these
days. In 2002, according to the li=
sts in
the British Film Industry (BFI) and television handbook over 80 percent of =
all
feature films are given a theatrical released in the English language (Crys=
tal,
2003: 98). This research work inte=
nds to
explore the relevant impact of the English language over Hollywood movies a=
nd
relate them to the Historical Background of cinema, the cinema in the Chine=
se,
Indian and Japanese countries and the performance of Hollywood movies in the
expansion of English as a global language as well. Furthermore, the digital=
and
silent era are being analyzed. Finally, this research work purposes to anal=
yze
the evolution of editions, sounds, librettos of actors and actresses, the r=
ole
of the audience, Oscar awards and English as the language of the cinema.
Content DevelopmentHistorical=
Background of Cinema.
English langua=
ge
has been associated with the film culture for a long time. Although, at the beginning it was Frenc=
h language
which gave the early stimulus to commercial and artistic development. France
was the first country where the artistic and commercial industry achieved i=
ts
departure point setting (Clee, 2009:7). Howev=
er, the
film industry has evolved from 1895 as the culture film industry and it has
been associated with the English language.
During the First War one, the industry of films
expanded from the European to the American Continent. Moreover, the industr=
y of
films found home in Hollywood, specifically in California where the film
industry formed as the base for the great studio settlement (Clee, 2009:7). Later
in 1920, the sound was added to the films with other features such as digit=
al
manipulation, tridimensional level and 3D effects which became dominance in=
the
world of films. Since this fact, the art has grown in other places where
English films have achieved a considerable status.
In 1997, Walt Disney created the first animated fi=
lm
in English language. This film was
Lippi Greens which contained certain relevant approaches related to the
English Language. According to
According to Bleichenbacher
(2008:681), filmmaker created a multilingualism difference between the real=
and
subjective world. The first filmmaker was focused on films in terms of real
authenticity and fidelity. Moreove=
r,
fiction is a classification of films based on a specific imaginary story or
scenario which arise in the human mind. <=
/span>
The evolution =
of
the language in the cinema found two fields as:
the silent and real film. After the sound appeared the montage, which
improve the realism. In 1928, this kind of genre achieved the its artistic =
peak
which has criticized by realism.
Furthermore,
between 1920 to 1940 focused two aspects those who put their faith in the
imagen, and those who put faith in the reality. Furthermore, two categories
those were related to the plastic and the imagen and those represent the
montage resource. The first related to the plastic represented the style of=
set
and make-up, lighting and the framing of the shot, regarding to the montage
initially known form masterpieces of Griffith that gave birth to film as an=
art
and come to be the animated photography, in short, creating a language (Bazin , 1967:194).
In addition, t=
he
cinematic language that emerged between 1930 1940, largely driven by the
American Hollywood system which consisted of major film types: The American
comedy, the burlesque film, the dance and vaudeville film, the crime and ga=
ngster
film, Psychological and social dramas, Horror or fantasy films and the west=
ern
films. In 1940s-1950s comes the real driver of cinematic languages develop=
ment
when new people and themes were explored and later take relevance more in t=
he
subjective form but the style (Bazin , 196=
7:194). Furthermore, the evolution of this genr=
e, the
cinema achieved major force and impetus as in the maturing of different kin=
ds
of drama, the drama inherited from the silent film and the stabilization of
technical progress.
English Language was used to transmit several films as fast as they
became universals worldwide. A num=
ber of
films became universal because titles could easily be translated and
distributed internationally. Although there was a parochial quality to the =
American
production, the relatively high budgets, technical sophistication, narrative
pace, and emphasis on likable screen personalities made them popular wherev=
er
they were shown. Pierce (2013:73) sta=
tes
that the language has been a main part in the development of films through
history which become universals thanks it has been translated its scenes and
the producers and actors have achieved to join great economical and have go=
ne
perfect over and over again.
Hollywood, the American Im=
age
and the global film industry.
Hollywood, named also as the United States Nation=
al
film industry created the biggest companies such as Paramount, Warner Bros,
Columbia, and Universal. According=
to Finler (2003: 9), they were addressed to the TV,
later moved into music. In 1969, those companies were subsided to 1980 those
companies it moved to the television and Cinemax. All long time thanks to t=
he
World War Second this industry fell down.
On the another hand the streets of African contine=
nt
specifically in Nigeria it could observe people sees any foreign films that=
it
is not Chinese and Indian as American is merely a perception this has passed
the dad-named of developing countries because the exploitation has come from
industrialized countries. Ali Ibbi (2014: 94) argues that it created a domain syste=
m of
global economic relations, this dependence it has given thanks to the
incorporation of technology and the media due the expansion achieved of the
language with continuous flow of western cultural products into poor countr=
ies.
Although the films continued appearing, the Americ=
ans
filmmakers their impact pales in comparison with that of Hollywoods output=
on
the rest of the world (Kunste, 2014:97). Certainly, the films around t=
he
world continued moving for everywhere but only just the American films achi=
eved
great splendor. Hollywood
has succeeded in selling America to the world and America was seen as a uto=
pian
society that is devoiced of errors. After the September 11th terrorist atta=
cked
on America, some local traders were involved in a heated argument that it w=
as
not America.
The imagen of Hollywood has been a sold imagen in
whole world. America obviously, a society with many defects mainly when the
twin towers fell down, this country begun to have the worst imagen specially
those countries involved in this fact (Fre=
eland,
2014: 96). Hollywood, it has been an enterprise known in everywhere
admired their values and the world audience it has converted in the consume=
rs
of products after to watch their movies, the culture of eating low carb foo=
d in
American movies, and the expansion that achieved thanks to the language has
spread its domain.
Moreover, American ideology is a medium mass of communication, inside
movie industry it has converted in Hollywoodization, there were not more the
copy become this fever affecting them to Asian market who has tried to imit=
ate
the same style, dressing
even the name of Hollywood but moviemaking has not achieved to replace to t=
he
American brand (Fair, 2006:78). American cinema industry has known to match its territory and the enterta=
inment
it has not been the exception the movie, TV, segments, for this influence h=
as
started to engage the foreign language with foreign entities.
Silent Era: Portraits, Painting and photography.
It is a
philosophical art; it has focused in the objective and subjective part, in
order to describe two categories, the revelatory and creative category of t=
he
artistic expression. Freeland (2007:95-108)
states that the first artistic expressions have referred to the works
and typology, when remark the speaking of an imagens power to show a person
according the accuracy, testimony of presence, emotional characterization, =
or
revelation of the essential, in other words is the strongly connection the
painter with his model. The portraits were made in funerary paintings by Ro=
man
Egypt in order to preserve the cults of the dead.
Regarding to t=
he
art of portraits in photography has been linked to the realism and
transparency, but is the art less movement, less life, in order to show
realistic and revealing than paintings but this has not left to be a static
art.
According to Kunste (2014:2-22), an apparatus has been design=
ed
in 1893 through a projector looked like as mobile picture called Kinetoscope
object, it has allowed to view the movies only one person, later it used a
camera, printer and projector of film helping to view a huge group. In the last time,=
the
colors have taken force, the techniques used in lantern glass slides colori=
ng,
using fine brushstrokes directly onto the film stock. Another technique applied in 1906 Stencil
colored in Paris workshops where have been done mainly using stencils.
Digital Era.
The technology=
it
has taken the planet and the changes notorious have provoked twenty years a=
go,
the internet arrived to our lives become powerful tool, and its presence has
noted in commercial trades, industry, society and relationship of human art=
s,
cinema, and being through social networks. Nowadays the technology it has
increased the result are a connected planet, a global community environment=
. In
the cinema, the huge stars drive a current technology in their spots, gooin=
ess,
scenes, and the cameras employed are the last generation in 3D (Towers, W. 2016:8).
The silent era was dominated by t=
he
mythology and filmmakers narrated many stories
of their childhood using mo=
tion
pictures as a medium of expression, this type of genre arrieved to cover
certain topics related to the society films as a medium of expression.
Gradually the technology made it possible to make talkies and the first film in 1931.
According Alam Ara made the first =
film
which was screened in Bombay, the creit of producing the first color movie =
also
went to Sir Ardeshir. In 1937 to 1940 have taken historical style. Kausar &=
amp;
Pandey (2016:56) state that films =
are
made with a rapid speed and cost of film-making has changed the production
process completely. On the another hand the films are seen as a big budget =
and
currently are being used the cheap technology has provided wings to the new
film competing makers as well
Hollywood Film Industry in India.
Hollywood is
called Bollywood in India, a language of cinema industry developed in this =
part
of world, the facts have pointed out it has produced around of 900 films wh=
ich
become the largest industry of world but the revenue has been lower, due to=
the
content quality, competition from Hollywood has come to effect it ( Young, 2012:4).
The Asian industry it has achieved remarkable
importance in South Asia, since mind 90s has grown thanks to Paramount whom
shared 0.6 incomes from Hollywood and this type of
industry has continued growing in a 10-15 per year. Mc Donald & Wasko, (2008:344) mention the case study of the
Hulk film achieved an equivalent to Universals highest opening weekends
214,000 gross face 81 Indian theaters. X-men united that obtained 352,000 g=
rass
face 132 during opening weekend, this thanks to the English language that
become a gap or an opening in the world cinema.
The Hollywoods
history in India has crossed three overlapping trajectories consolidation,
competition and collaboration. Govil (2008:21)
remarks that from World war one India has shared of world USA film export
doubled to four percent of total film, were the European films storages and
stock rationing to consolidate in the area. Example in 1916 was stablished
Universal the first Hollywood studio where were arose around of 150 films p=
er
year, and being in India it has arose 100, it was so the influence of Engli=
sh
as a Global language has had huge importance of Hollywood has transcended a=
nd
spread to India
In 1940 the
American film markets, fell down around of 45 percent but was after world w=
ar
one, where these begun to earn of Indians total box-office revenues. Govil (2008:25) mentions that during the 1960s American films were
exclusively screened in English, thanks to adoption of this language in the
Southern Indian State helped raise Hollywoods regional revenues.
Hollywood Film Industry in
China.
The Chinese
language has been diverse and has had seven variety of dialects as: Mandari=
n,
Wu, Xiang, Yue, Kejia, Gan and Mind divided in
sub-groups and sub-dialects further divided into vernacular and accents the
same has used in different settings as an official language, into teaching,=
the
role of a global languages special (Jeffr=
ey ,
2010:52-58)
The Chinese mo=
vies
have never been an independent art, during the war era it was used in campa=
igns
as political tool to lead. In the early ages, two thousand ago, the cinema =
was
empathized by mobile shadows and images. L=
ent
& Zhengxing(2000:22) mentions that in 1896 cameramen-showman were
introduced along several audiences as: Shanghai, Beijing, Great Britain, Un=
ited
States, Spain, Japan. Furthermore, it was incorporated the electric shadows
art, and were interpreted, through magician acrobat and juggler or firework=
s.
In 1902 Fengtai formed the first Chinese film a=
s: The
romance of Three Kingdoms, The Dream Lovers of Peony Pavilion tales were
interpreted, written and directed by Chinese and English language.
A couple years
after it given chance to the artistic exploration and ideological expressio=
n,
with features of societal values, ethic, moral, war, history and love, resp=
ect
for elders, also has highlighted the farce-comedy characterized by Charles
Chaplin Green (2017:4) refers to the
Norte American comic based in the behavior and personality which emphasized,
moral lesson and punished evil. In silent movies the English language, was
evident its participation because the audience depended of a narrator who
interpreted the English tittles on the screen.
According to <=
span
style=3D'mso-no-proof:yes'>Kurosawa (2009:2-3), the huge amount rang=
es of
Chinese films achieved a considerable range in this country due to the
performing of Chinese actors and actresses who performed the movies in Chin=
ese
and English language. Furthermore,=
Hang
(2010:1) declares that there is a number of cutting-edge forms and cultural
production about some given materials, lectures, artistic modes, including
formalism, historiography, drama, and screening available in English.
Hollywood Film Industry in
Australia and New Zealand.
The cinema in Australia and New Zealand converted =
the
culture distinctively due to the development in the political, economic and
cultural settings. The national cinema became a main part because privileged
certain values focused to atomize the Indi dualism to help the community
Consequently, a
new era for Australian and New Zealand cinema have overcame in the screen
industry in which the content and commercial viability have increased.
According to Ryan (2010:1-6), Knowi=
ng
film it has come to cover the 40 percent of local production, the screen
Australian effectiveness has had to see according the strategy and diversit=
y,
and how the language it is the main support in the development of this art,
joined to the English language as mother tongue the cinema of industry beco=
me a
strong part to the development.
Oscars and Celebrities
.
It was the first Academy Awards, created in 1929 of
the Hollywood Roosevelt hotel with just over 270
guests attended to the event, it was not always a rewards place. According =
to Guok (2012:45), during fifteen years awards presenta=
tion
there were banked affairs and the custom to present the statuettes were
discontinued after 1942, three years later it delivered in discontinued way=
. In
1949, the 21st awards for the next eleven years. The NBC and TV
radio networking have twenty-five Oscars ceremonies is continued for realiz=
ing
for a dozen years. Gouk (2012:45) highlights th=
at
since 2002 the academy awards have been held at the Dolby, formally Kodak at
Hollywood and Highland being the early the center.
The first fift=
een
statuettes were presented for directing and writing later was reducing at s=
even
as: acting, outstanding pictures, jazz, singer, producers, directing, writi=
ng
and starting. Ryan (2010:9) states that special effects were introduced in 19=
39
but 1963 awards were split in twos: sounds, effects, special visual effects,
recognized to the best sound effect. In 1968, the awards ceremony was postp=
oned
for Dr. Martin Luther King who was assassinated. Later the delivery of
statuettes was postponed because of assassinated attempt on Ronald Reagan
president.
The
Hollywood industry deliver around of nineteen academy awards of merit to the
person, biologist, environmentalists, scientists, peace people, Chemistries,
literates, Writings, directing, actors and actress that have achieved some
merit in any discipline. Sandler (2015:
16) states that to be selected actors and actresses have been subjec=
ted
strongly rules among awards deliver in the ceremony account the following
nominations acting, award, animated feature fil award, cinematography award,
costume design award, directing award, documentary award, film editing awar=
d,
foreign language film award, makeup and hairstyle award, music, best pictur=
e,
production design, scientific and technical award, writing, governors award
among others.
The English
language as a global language as dominance tools in the film industry plays=
a
main role because is a characteristic which it has moved to the celebrities=
in
this medium. Kurosawa (2009:2-3) emphasize=
s that
actors, actresses, celebrities philosophers, Chemistries, Literates,
Directing triumph to achieve the
fame, necessarily they must domain=
the
universal language, great cineastes must know in a deepen way this language
because the films produced which librettos
are in English, the governs to sign important peace agreement to gai=
n a
main statuettes the English language is the main resource to get negotiatio=
ns
is in English, for this reason this language is
that move to the world and it will continue do it in the future.
Case studies.
Case Study N°1: X-Men Movi=
e.
X-men Film was first produced in 2009. It obtained
352,000 grass face 132 during opening weekend, this thanks to the English
language with vocabulary of easy comprehension which improve the English
vocabulary through of idioms and common jargons, constituting the best way =
to
learn everyday language that become a gap or an opening in the world cinema=
(Mc
Donald & Wasko, 2008:344).
Case Study N°2: English
Video-Conferences.
According to Yasumoto,
(2014:3) the video-conference through English lectures, have served as a me=
dium
of learning for Chinese students, in order to benefit them and spread the
language in a good way, is the option taken by the University of Sydney and
Japan students through video-conferencing.
The course content includes newspaper reading, video analysis,
discussion and research presentation, and skype video-conference on subject=
s as
Media and popular culture it has allow them participating in this option ha=
ve
an intermediate level of English language, in order to gain scholarships and
cultural exchange.
Watching movies is a great way for you to improve =
your
English, especially listening and speaking skills. Films are not usually
created for English language learners they are made for native English
speakers. Hang (2010:1) declares that the language is exactly how people he=
ar
it in real life it is spoken quickly, with native accents and pronunciation
and using many idioms and colloquial expressions. Choosing a film to watch =
that
is suitable for the level of English can be difficult. If your level of Eng=
lish
is quite low, choose a movie that you have already seen or a movie made for
children which uses simpler language (for example, Pixar films).
Case Study N°3: Science Fiction Movies-The Lord of=
the
Rings, Star Wars and Transformers.
According to <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Winerta (2007:5), the use of linguistic stereotypes in
Hollywood movies. It investigates
whether attitudes towards English dialects found in studies on perceptual
dialectology are reflected in the selected movies and discusses the notion =
of
linguistic identity and how standard and nonstandard speech, respectively, =
are
used symbolically to emphasize features of characters in eleven movies from
three different movie series.
The Lord of the
Rings (1978), Star Wars and Transformers, with a main focus on syntactic and
phonological dimensions Anderson, (2009:1), it finds a correlation between
standard speech and features of competence and wisdom, and nonstandard spee=
ch
and features of solidarity, sociability and traits of stupidity and humor.
Moreover, very specific perceptions of certain varieties of English are
probably utilized as amplifiers of equally specific characteristics of some
characters.
The use of
dialects and accents in these movies is probably intentional rather than
coincidental.
Case Study N°4: Avatar Movie.
Avatar was an
American film on 2009 which wrote and directed by James Cameron. This film spent $237million. By using 3D technology, this film has r=
eached
high attention from many people. As human being, we have to care about our
environment. Avatar movies script was about conversation among the characte=
rs. Winerta (2007:1-14) considers that the data were word=
s,
phrases, and clauses that contain politeness strategies in requesting of the
conversations in Avatars movie which used English as the language.
The data got f=
rom
the conversation among all characters in the movie of Avatar, data analyzed
based types of politeness strategies which had requesting form.
Case Study N°5: Titanic Movie.
Titanic (1997) is one of masterpiece movie in the film indu=
stry
which won eleven Oscars of=
the
academy and was produced in United States.
In addition, Kurosawa (2009:5) ment=
iosn
that Titanic is a movie about a disaster romance movie directed, wri=
tten,
produced and edited by James Cameron about the sinking of Titanic ship.
Moreover, it also tells about the forbidden love story between Rose and Jack
who board this ship. This research uses Titanic movie because it has dialog=
ues
that there is no overt link between the utterances, however; the characters=
can
do the dialogue in coherent way.
The English
language aims in this film speaking a language is performing speech acts, a=
cts
such as making statements, giving commands, asking questions, or making pro=
mise. Kusuma Maghfira
(2014:1) mentions that while doing speech act, people can use direct and
indirect speech act. In making
utterance, people sometimes use implicit meaning and sometimes use explicit
meaning, which in depend on the condition and situation of the speakers and
hearers.
Analysis.
Nowadays is
the used as a Global language in t=
he
cinema , because this language has emerged the cinematography in birder to have d=
irect
or subjective contact with the eyes, ears and the audience regarding with
talent, hardworking in order to present to the audience, critical values and
even lifestyle. English is significance and lifestyle inside of pronunciati=
on,
accent and the dialect because the message will have perceived better if it=
is
associated with a similar social group. Furthermore, the pronunciation the
accent play a role important inside of impression formation as it evokes
particular associations with the rest.
During the
Hollywood film history, a number of English movies have spread over the wor=
ld
due to the fact that Hollywood movies are preferred by the audience because=
of
its effects, features, content, and entertainment addressed to the audience=
of
different ages and times. Most of =
these
films and productions have spread the English Language worldwide taking the
status of a tool for entertainment and for learning English as well. This fact is demonstrated in the follow=
ing
chart that shows how English was and is spread up to these days.
Chart 1. Hollywood Movies to spread English Language.
|
Case Study<=
/span> |
Movie Title |
Year |
Country/City |
Director/Producer |
Contribution in the spread of Englis=
h Language |
|
1 |
X-men
Movie |
2000 |
United States |
Bryan Singer |
Contains English
vocabulary of easy comprehension through the use of idioms and common
jargons. |
|
A means to learn
everyday English language in the cinema world. |
|||||
|
2 |
English Video-conference |
2014 |
China |
Chinese
Film Directors |
Content related to
newspaper reading, video analysis, discussion, research presentation, sky=
pe
video-conferences in English addressed to Chinese students to obtain a
scholarship and a cultural exchange |
|
Help Chinese stude=
nts
to get an intermediate level of English language. |
|||||
|
3 |
Lord of
the Rings<=
span
lang=3DES-EC style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> |
1978 |
New Zealand |
Peter Jackson<=
span
lang=3DES-EC style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> |
Focus on syntactic=
and
phonological dimensions. |
|
Correlation between
standard speech and features of competence and wisdom. |
|||||
|
Nonstandard speech=
and
features of solidarity, sociability and traits of stupidity and humor. |
|||||
|
Star Wars |
1977 |
Algeria |
George Lucas |
Perceptions of cer=
tain
varieties of English language spoken by characters. |
|
|
Transformers |
2007 |
England |
Michael Bay |
Use of extravagant
dialects and accents to learn English. |
|
|
4 |
Avatar |
2009 |
United States |
James Cameron<=
span
lang=3DES-EC style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> |
English conversati=
ons
among all characters. |
|
Words, phrases, and
clauses contained politeness strategies in requesting. |
|||||
|
Conversations data
analyzed based on types of politeness strategies in requesting form. |
|||||
|
English as the
original language of the movie. |
|||||
|
5 |
Titanic |
1997 |
United States |
James Cameron<=
span
lang=3DES-EC style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> |
Performing speech =
acts |
|
Making statements<=
/span> |
|||||
|
Giving commands |
|||||
|
Asking questions |
|||||
|
Making promise used
through direct and indirect speech act.
|
|||||
|
Use implicit meani=
ng
and sometimes explicit meaning in related to utterances. |
Source: Created by the author based on Mc Donald &
Additionally, =
huge
values have achieved in the world by the delivering of the Oscars awards ar=
ound
the nineteen academies of merit of the person, biologist, environmentalist,
scientists, peace people, Chemistries, literates, writings, directing. In reference to Sandler (2015:16) actor=
s and
actress have achieved some merit in any discipline to be selected they have
been subjected strongly rules among awards deliver in the ceremony
account. For instance, the followi=
ng
nominations acting awards, animated feature film awards, cinematographic
awards, editing, foreign language film, makeup, hairstyle, music, best pict=
ure,
production design, scientific and technical awards, governors awards among
others.
Conclusiones.
ˇ
The impact of Hollywood movies in=
the
Expansion of English as A Global Language is strongly related due to the fa=
ct
that most of the Hollywood movies are transmitted and preferred in English
language worldwide. The technology has influenced Hollywood movies in order=
to
improve the media, communication, entertainment and the daily life of the
audience by using English as a means of spreading the language and the
culture. Hollywood movies have
identified the importance of art by using English as the official language =
on
their performance.
ˇ =
Hollywood movies have reached a
strongly status in the film industry due to the fact that Hollywood movies
consider English as the global language used worldwide. Thus, there is not another language bes=
ides
English which have increased the huge audience ranges of Hollywood movies a=
s it
has done since its settlement. The
features Hollywood movies create are of relevant importance for the prefere=
nce
of the audience mainly because the English language is preferred in their
production.
ˇ =
Furthermore, the technology on
Hollywood movies has permitted English to spread around the world in an
entertainment form to enjoy and to learn English as well. The audience find Hollywood movies
interesting because of their features such as digital manipulation,
tridimensional level and 3D effects. The
sounds of the English Language catch the audience attention as well, especi=
ally
the tone of voice of actors and actresses which sound appealing for learning
English.
ˇ =
In addition, Hollywood movies too=
k a
considerable status in European countries such India, China and New Zealand
where English was spread. People f=
rom
those countries prefer Hollywood movies in the English version because it is
their original production language. Hollywood movies have influence in digi=
tal
videos, cultural expressions, multiple platforms, social networking around
these countries. Hollywood movies =
have
also been a means of transmitted a culture by using English as the global
language.
ˇ
Furthermore, Hollywood films such=
as
X-men, The Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, and Transformers including English
video-conferences have contributed in the expansion of English worldwide.
ˇ
Hollywood movies demonstrate a gap
between the subjective fictional world and objective real world where actors
and actresses sometimes live real events. On the other hand, Hollywood movi=
es
create a fantasy world to express a freely message to internalize the life
throughout dramatization and performance. To conclude, Hollywood Film Indus=
try
has transmitted a number of films during its history which have become
universal because of their titles, translations and expansion of the Englis=
h as
a global language.
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Para
citar el artículo indexado.
=
Llerena
E. & Rodríguez C.. (2018). Impact of hollywood=
movies in the expansion of english as global la=
nguage.
Revista
electrónica Ciencia Digital 2(2), 524-543. Recu=
perado
desde: http://cienciadigital.org/revistacienciadigita=
l2/index.php/CienciaDigital/article/view/117/108
El
artículo que se publica es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y no
necesariamente reflejan el pensamiento de la Revista Ciencia Digital.
El
articulo queda en propiedad de la revista y, por tanto, su publicación parc=
ial
y/o total en otro medio tiene que ser autorizado por el director de la Revista Ciencia Digital.
[1=
]Universidad Técnica de Ambato,
Centro de Idiomas, Ecuador, eg.llerena@uta.edu.ec
[2=
]Universidad Técnica de Ambato,
Centro de Idiomas, Ecuador, cp.rodriguez@uta.edu.ec
www.cienciadigital.org
Vol. 2, N°2, p. 52=
4-543,
Abril - Junio, 2018