Anatomía Digital

Psychosocial factors of the primary caregiver of people with motor disabilities

2025-03-12T14:42:56+00:00

Introduction. The figure of the main caregiver for people with motor disabilities is vital, not only for the direct assistance provided, but also for the role they play in the general well-being of the person with this condition. Aim. To analyze the psychosocial factors of the main caregiver of people with motor disabilities. Methodology. This investigative work will be developed by applying the observational, descriptive, non-experimental methodology, through a documentary review, of high-impact scientific documents. Results. Some similarities were found regarding the psychosocial burden experienced by caregivers of people with various disabling conditions or chronic illnesses. A consistent finding is the elevated level of stress and emotional exhaustion among primary caregivers. Conclusion. synthesize and efficiently organize the existing scientific evidence in relation to the psychosocial factors of the main caregiver of people with motor disabilities, from a comprehensive vision. General study area: Health Specific study area. Public Health Type of study: Original article.

Pelvic floor strengthening exercise program for women with sexual dysfunction

2025-02-24T22:48:08+00:00

Introduction: Female sexual dysfunction is one of the gynecological consultations with the highest demand, being dyspareunia one of the disorders that afflict the female population in 26%. Pelvic floor muscle training exercises are a treatment to mitigate the adverse effects on sexual function. Some of the sexual health programs in physiotherapy are multimodal, integrating exercises with sexual education. Objective: To analyze physiotherapeutic programs aimed at pelvic floor muscle strengthening through literature reviews to mitigate female sexual dysfunction. Methodology: It is of bibliographic type with documentary design, inductive method, with data collected since 2017 from the following databases: PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Semantic Scholar, SPRINGER LINK and Em Saúde. We were able to identify, filter and pre-analyze randomized clinical trials with the help of Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT), along with inclusion, exclusion criteria and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Results: It started with a population of 112 articles, after analyzing a sample of 27 articles was obtained, covering pelvic floor strengthening programs in female sexual dysfunction, starting by raising awareness of pelvic muscle contraction, along with instruments, sex education, partner support and self-directed work, being effective in dyspareunia and sexual dysfunction disorders. Conclusions: It was demonstrated the effectiveness of multimodal programs in training the hypotonic pelvic floor musculature, increasing sexual desire, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and pain reduction in women with sexual dysfunction. General Area of Study: Physical therapy. Specific area of study: Pelvic floor. Type of study: Bibliography Review.

Urinary incontinence and strengthening of pelvic muscles to improve quality of life in women

2025-02-27T17:57:14+00:00

Introduction. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a social problem that is faced in a higher percentage of women with an affectation ratio of 1:4 suffering from UI. A UI is the involuntary loss of urine, affecting the productivity and quality of life of those who suffer from it, accompanied by depression, anxiety, and an increase in lower urinary tract infections. It is estimated that between 25% and 45% of the factors in women are due to aging, pregnancy, and vaginal births; The types of urinary incontinence are: stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Work to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) has become a first-line conservative treatment for rehabilitation against this pathology. Aim. Explain the generalities of Urinary Incontinence, and the influence of strengthening the pelvic floor muscles and how it intervenes in the quality of life of women. Methodology. A narrative review of the literature was carried out, in the first instance a search was carried out in the databases; PubMed (69), Embase (407), Pedro (25) and Trip (0), finding a total of 501 articles, of which a first selection was made by title with the keywords “exercise and training and incontinence and quality of life”, 10 articles were respectively selected to carry out this study. Results and Conclusion: Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles is necessary to reduce episodes of urinary incontinence. Group-directed programs generate better benefits and results compared to individual work, due to the joint support between groups of women, improving quality of life. In a total of 2,449 women who underwent surgery in the studies reviewed, strengthening the pelvic floor, both in groups and individually, obtained results at 6 and 12 weeks, the intervention was conducted between 2 to 3 times a week with a duration of 40 to 50 minutes per session. General area of study: Physiotherapy. Specific study area: Pelvic floor. Type of study: Original articles.

Determining factors in weaning from breastfeeding in children under two years of age: a multidimensional approach

2025-03-18T22:33:29+00:00

Introduction. Breastfeeding is essential for child development, providing essential nutrients and strengthening the immune system. However, various sociocultural factors influence early weaning, which can affect the health and well-being of children under two years of age. In Ecuador, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is variable, depending on the geographical area and the mother's educational level. Objective. Identify the determining factors in weaning from breastfeeding in children under two years of age. Methodology. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR methodology, analyzing scientific articles published between 2018 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect. 27 studies were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The factors associated with weaning were classified into sociocultural, biological, and social categories. Results. The main factors identified include maternal age, educational level, access to breastfeeding information, labor regulations, and cultural beliefs about infant feeding. Mothers with less access to education or community support have higher rates of early weaning. Likewise, biological conditions such as hypogalactia or the perception of insufficient milk production affect the continuity of lactation. Work factors and the lack of adequate spaces to breastfeed also contribute to early abandonment. Conclusion. Weaning in children under two years of age is a process influenced by multidimensional factors. It is necessary to strengthen maternal education strategies, community support and breastfeeding protection policies to promote its continuity. Understanding these variables will allow the development of effective interventions to reduce early weaning and improve child health. General area of study: Health. Specific area of study: Nursing. Type of study: Original article.

Prevalence and risk factors in celiac disease that lead to developing iron deficiency anemia

2025-03-21T22:43:57+00:00

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune digestive disorder that affects the villi of the small intestine, this condition leads to poor absorption of nutrients. nutrients, causing the development of other pathologies, among which anemia stands out. The exact etiology of CD is unknown; however, studies indicate that there are environmental, genetic, and immunological factors that can trigger iron deficiency disease, early detection. It is vitally important to prevent severe complications. Objective: To analyze the prevalence and risk factors in celiac disease that lead to developing iron deficiency anemia. Methodology: The present research was based on a bibliographic review, using the PRISMA method for the collection and analysis of scientific articles on celiac disease (CD) and its association with iron deficiency anemia, in such a way that the quality, reliability and suitability of the information. To search for information, keywords are used such as: “Gluten,” “celiac disease,” “iron deficiency anemia,” integrating the connectors “y/AND” and “o/OR.” To compile the bibliographic information, scientific review articles were used with the contribution of journals, scientific studies, using Google academic, databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier and SciELO as a tool. Results: After analyzing the information collected from the 15 articles, it can be seen that of the 15 articles included, in which patients of different ages are studied, starting from children under 10 years of age to older adults, 3 articles mention that celiac disease (CD) is more common in people between 30 and 40 years old, representing 20%, however, 8 articles mention that the pediatric population, especially children under 10 years old, are the most vulnerable to suffering from celiac disease (CD), representing 53.33%, finally, within this same population, 4 articles mention that vulnerability is greater in children with Down syndrome (DS) and Turner syndrome, representing 26.66%. Conclusion: In the present study, it was possible to identify the populations vulnerable to suffering from celiac disease (CD), with children under ten years of age being the most affected, children with Down Syndrome (DS) and Turner Syndrome (TS) due to the genetic predisposition that They present and to a lesser extent adults between the third and fourth decade of life. The risk factors in celiac disease (CD) that lead patients to develop iron deficiency anemia are three: nutrient malabsorption, peeling of the intestinal epithelium and intestinal microbleeds. The relationship between the severity of celiac disease and the development of iron deficiency anemia, patients who have not been correctly diagnosed present complications that aggravate the clinical picture, therefore, the severity of celiac disease (CD) will be older and the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia will be higher, the same occurs in the case of patients correctly diagnosed, with adequate treatment but who are not adherent to the gluten-free diet (DLG). General study area: Clinical Laboratory. Specific area of study: Immunology. Type of article: systematic bibliographic review.

Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infection in pregnant women attending a private clinic in Cuenca Ecuador 2022 – 2023

2025-03-25T20:28:51+00:00

Introduction. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the existence of germs capable of producing functional and morphological alterations in the bladder, collecting systems or kidneys. It is associated with the female sex due to the anatomy of the genitourinary tract, voiding habits, and physiological situations such as pregnancy. Objective. To characterize urinary tract infections by Enterobacteriaceae in pregnant women and susceptibility profile in a private clinic in Cuenca Ecuador 2022 - 2023. Methodology. The present study is of a positivist type with a quantitative, empirical, field research, descriptive cross-sectional documentary secondary approach. Results. The records of positive urine cultures for Enterobacteriaceae were collected from pregnant women who attended a private laboratory in the city of Cuenca between January 2022 - December 2023. For the statistical analysis, a database was generated in the SPSS program, using descriptive statistics and frequency analysis. Results The bacterial species with the highest incidence was Escherichia coli (%). The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases BLEE as a mechanism of resistance predominated in Escherichia coli (%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (%). Conclusion. Escherichia coli was the most frequent enterobacterium causing urinary tract infections. General area of study: health. Specific area of study: Microbiology. Type of item: original.

Humanized nursing treatment in ICU technological environments: a systematic review

2025-03-31T17:02:47+00:00

Introduction: Technological advancement allows harmonious development during morbidity processes; However, it gradually distances the nurse-patient relationship, causing conditions of negativity during care, subtracting from the human condition; element that favors the patient's well-being. Objective: To determine, through a systematic review, the importance of the nursing service offer, under humanized treatment, for the benefit of patients treated in the intensive care unit, considering its implications with technological evolution. Methods: It is an integrative systematic review; 100 articles were analyzed in scientific search engines based on Boolean descriptors and operators. As inclusion criteria, articles from 2020 to 2024 in English, Portuguese and Spanish that have been published in indexed journals were accepted. Results: The humanistic nursing treatment should be emphasized, considering not only the biological aspect of the critical patient, but also the psychosocial and spiritual aspect. The technological environment must avoid hindering holistic care; however, the complement it by promoting health restoration, avoiding ailments, and improving the patient’s quality of life. Conclusions: When nurses prioritize the mastery of digital devices over direct contact with the patient, the technological environment has a negative impact on the humanization of care. Therefore, humanization and technology must be balanced. General Area of Study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Nursing. Type of study: Original articles

Color alteration of composite resins. Bibliographic review

2025-03-31T17:02:30+00:00

Introduction. Composite resins are in high demand within the dental field, specifically in the restorative area due to their excellent quality aesthetic results. Among the most recognized brands in the market, we can find: DENTSPLY, VITTRA, OPALLIS, COLTENE, VIVADENT, 3M – ESPE, BISCO, among others. Several studies have shown that composite resins experience color changes when exposed to staining solutions, such as those present in soft drinks or energy drinks. Objective. To analyze the available literature that answers the following question: What are the most common extrinsic and intrinsic factors that cause pigmentation of composite resins? Methodology. This study was conducted as a bibliographic review. Searches were performed in indexed databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and Google Academic, using relevant keywords and Boolean operators. Results. A total of 20 studies were reviewed. The articles found were selected by title, then by abstract, and finally the text was read. This study shows that in the publications analyzed, the most used material was composite resins of the brands Vittra APS, Opallis and 3M, among these we have Vittra APS, Vittra APS Unique, Opallis Flow, Opallis Bulk Fill Flow, ESPE Filtek™P90. Conclusion. The ESPE Filtek™P90 composite resin was the one that showed the best results in three different studies. General study area. Dentistry. Specific area of study. Oral rehabilitation. Type of study. Bibliographic review.

Patient safety in emergency units: factors associated with adverse events

2025-03-31T17:02:28+00:00

Introduction. Patient safety refers to the minimization of the risk of unnecessary harm to an acceptable minimum, considering aspects such as current knowledge, context, and resource availability. Lack of safety leads to the occurrence of adverse events, which represent one of the top 10 causes of disability and death worldwide. Objective. Identify the factors associated with adverse events that affect patient safety in emergency units. Methodology. The study is characterized as a literature review with a descriptive scope, a basic purpose, and an analytical method. Original articles from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library were considered. Results. Four factors associated with adverse events affecting patient safety were identified: Healthcare personnel factors (errors in medical, nursing, and clinical documentation management, deficiencies in professional skills, prescription errors, teamwork deficiencies, attitude problems, among others), Institutional factors (waiting time, unclear policies or guidelines, inadequate care protocols, working conditions, deficiencies in patient flow, and limitations in the physical environment and equipment, among others), Patient-related factors (lack of health insurance, patient-dependent issues such as violence, aggression, lack of knowledge and adherence to treatment, and adverse drug reactions), Psychosocial and workplace environment factors (fatigue, work-related stress, emotional exhaustion, work overload, and poor communication). Conclusion. Patient safety in emergency units depends on multiple interrelated factors. General Area of Study: Health. Specific area of study: Patient Safety in Emergency Units. Type of study: Bibliography Review.